Table of Contents

Preface; CHAPTER 1: SLUDGE SOURCES, QUANTITIES, AND MANAGEMENT; 1.1 Sludge Sources; 1.2 Sludge Quantities; 1.3 Rationale of Sludge Management in a Wastewater Treatment Plant; 1.4 Sludge Disposal: Laws and Regulations; 1.5 Sludge Disposal: Sustainability; 1.6 Conclusions; 1.7 References; 1.8 Problems; CHAPTER 2: SLUDGE CHARACTERISTICS; 2.1 Physical Characteristics of Sludge; 2.2 Chemical Characteristics of Sludge; 2.3 Biological Characteristics of Sludge; 2.4 Conclusions; 2.5 References; 2.6 Problems; CHAPTER 3: SLUDGE STABILIZATION; 3.1 Stability Parameters; 3.2 Biological Stabilization of Sludge; 3.3 Chemical Stabilization; 3.4 Physical Stabilization; 3.5 Conclusions; 3.6 References; 3.7 Problems; CHAPTER 4: SLUDGE PUMPING AND CONVEYING; 4.1 Liquid Sludge Pumping; 4.2 Dewatered Sludge Pumping and Conveying; 4.3 Dried Sludge Conveying; 4.4 In-line Measurement of Sludge Density; 4.5 References; 4.6 Problems; CHAPTER 5: SLUDGE THICKENING; 5.1 Gravitational Thickening; 5.2 Flotation Thickening; 5.3 Gravity Belt Thickening; 5.4 Other Methods of Thickening; 5.5 Conclusions; 5.6 References; 5.7 Problems; CHAPTER 6: SLUDGE DEWATERING; 6.1 Sand Beds; 6.2 Lagoons; 6.3 Wedge Wire Beds; 6.4 Freezing Beds; 6.5 Vacuum Filters; 6.6 Filter Presses; 6.7 Belt Filters; 6.8 Centrifuges; 6.9 Limits of Dewatering; 6.10 Conclusions; 6.11 References; 6.12 Problems; CHAPTER 7: SLUDGE CONDITIONING; 7.1 Chemical Conditioning; 7.2 Heat Conditioning; 7.3 Elutriation; 7.4 Freeze-Thaw Conditioning; 7.5 Bulking Materials; 7.6 Conclusions; 7.7 References; 7.8 Problems; CHAPTER 8: SLUDGE DRYING AND COMBUSTION; 8.1 Sludge Drying; 8.2 Sludge Combustion; 8.3 Alternative Thermal Technologies; 8.4 Conclusions; 8.5 References; 8.6 Problems; CHAPTER 9: CHEMICAL SLUDGES; 9.1 Chemical Treatment of Wastewater; 9.2 Alum Sludge from Water Treatment Plants; 9.3 Iron Sludges from Wastewater Treatment Plants; 9.4 Lime and Water Softening Sludges; 9.5 Metal Hydroxides; 9.5 Ultimate Disposal of Industrial Sludges; 9.6 Conclusions; 9.7 References; 9.8 Problems; CHAPTER 10: LAND DISPOSAL OF SLUDGE AS BIOSOLIDS; 10.1 Benefits of Sludge Disposal on Land; 10.2 Land Application of Biosolids; 10.3 Calculating Land Area Requirements for Biosolids; 10.4 Application Methods for Liquid and Dewatered Biosolids; 10.5 Conclusions; 10.6 References; 10.7 Problems; CHAPTER 11: OTHER OPTIONS FOR SLUDGE DISPOSAL AND BENEFICIAL USE; 11.1 Pyrolysis and Gasification; 11.2 Oil from Sludge; 11.3 Building Materials from Sludge; 11.4 Deep Well Injection; 11.5 Disposal into the Marine Environment; 11.6 Disposal of Sludge into Landfills; 11.7 Conclusions; 11.8 References; 11.9 Problems; CHAPTER 12: REGULATIONS GOVERNING SLUDGE DISPOSAL; 12.1 Regulations Governing Sludge Disposal on Land in the United States; 12.2 Review of Regulations and Potential Health Concerns with Sludge Land Application; 12.3 Future Trends in Land Application Regulations; 12.4 Regulations in Europe; 12.5 Conclusions; 12.6 References; Appendix; Index.