Table of Contents

1. Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology UNIT 1: CHEMISTRY AND CELLS 2. The Chemical Context of Life 3. Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life 4. A Tour of the Cell 5. Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling 6. An Introduction to Metabolism 7. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 8. Photosynthesis 9. The Cell Cycle UNIT 2: GENETICS 10. Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 11. Mendel and the Gene Idea 12. The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 13. The Molecular Basis of Inheritance 14. Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein 15. Regulation of Gene Expression 16. Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer 17. Viruses 18. Genomes and Their Evolution UNIT 3: EVOLUTION 19. Descent with Modification 20. Phylogeny 21. The Evolution of Populations 22. The Origin of Species 23. Broad Patterns of Evolution UNIT 4: THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF LIFE 24. Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes 25. The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes 26. The Colonization of Land 27. The Rise of Animal Diversity UNIT 5: PLANT FORM AND FUNCTION 28. Plant Structure and Growth 29. Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants 30. Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants 31. Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals UNIT 6: ANIMAL FORM AND FUNCTION 32. The Internal Environment of Animals: Organization and Regulation 33. Animal Nutrition 34. Circulation and Gas Exchange 35. The Immune System 36. Reproduction and Development 37. Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 38. Nervous and Sensory Systems 39. Motor Mechanisms and Behavior UNIT 7: ECOLOGY 40. Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms 41. Species Interactions 42. Ecosystems and Energy 43. Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

About the Author

Lisa A. Urry Lisa Urry (Chapter 1 and Units 1 and 2) is Professor of Biology and Chair of the Biology Department at Mills College in Oakland, California, and a Visiting Scholar at the University of California, Berkeley. After graduating from Tufts University with a double major in biology and French, Lisa completed her Ph.D. in molecular and developmental biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the MIT/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program. She has published a number of research papers, most of them focused on gene expression during embryonic and larval development in sea urchins. Lisa has taught a variety of courses, from introductory biology to developmental biology and senior seminar. As a part of her mission to increase understanding of evolution, Lisa also teaches a non-majors course called Evolution for Future Presidents and is on the Teacher Advisory Board for the Understanding Evolution website developed by the University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lisa is also deeply committed to promoting opportunities for women and underrepresented minorities in science. Lisa is also a co-author of Campbell Biology. Michael L. Cain Michael Cain (Chapter 1 and Units 3, 4, and 7) is an ecologist and evolutionary biologist who is now writing full-time. Michael earned a joint degree in biology and math at Bowdoin College, an M.Sc. from Brown University, and a Ph.D. in ecology and evolutionary biology from Cornell University. As a faculty member at New Mexico State University and Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, he taught a wide range of courses, including introductory biology, ecology, evolution, botany, and conservation biology. Michael is the author of dozens of scientific papers on topics that include foraging behavior in insects and plants, long-distance seed dispersal, and speciation in crickets. In addition to his work on Campbell Biology and Campbell Biology in Focus, Michael is also the lead author of an ecology textbook. Steven A. Wasserman Steve Wasserman (Chapter 1 and Unit 6) is Professor of Biology at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). He earned his A.B. in biology from Harvard University and his Ph.D. in biological sciences from MIT. Through his research on regulatory pathway mechanisms in the fruit fly Drosophila, Steve has contributed to the fields of developmental biology, reproduction, and immunity. As a faculty member at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and UCSD, he has taught genetics, development, and physiology to undergraduate, graduate, and medical students. He currently focuses on teaching introductory biology. He has also served as the research mentor for more than a dozen doctoral students and more than 50 aspiring scientists at the undergraduate and high school levels. Steve has been the recipient of distinguished scholar awards from both the Markey Charitable Trust and the David and Lucille Packard Foundation. In 2007, he received UCSD's Distinguished Teaching Award for undergraduate teaching. Steve is also a co-author of Campbell Biology. Peter V. Minorsky Peter Minorsky (Chapter 1 and Unit 5) is Professor of Biology at Mercy College in New York, where he teaches introductory biology, evolution, ecology, and botany. He received his B.A. in biology from Vassar College and his Ph.D. in plant physiology from Cornell University. He is also the science writer for the journal Plant Physiology. After a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, Peter taught at Kenyon College, Union College, Western Connecticut State University, and Vassar College. His research interests concern how plants sense environmental change. Peter received the 2008 Award for Teaching Excellence at Mercy College. Peter is also a co-author of Campbell Biology. Jane B. Reece The head of the author team for recent editions of Campbell Biology, Jane Reece was Neil Campbell's longtime collaborator. Earlier, Jane taught biology at Middlesex County College and Queensborough Community College. She holds an A.B. in biology from Harvard University, an M.S. in microbiology from Rutgers University, and a Ph.D. in bacteriology from the University of California, Berkeley. Jane's research as a doctoral student and postdoctoral fellow focused on genetic recombination in bacteria. Besides her work on Campbell Biology in Focus, she has been a coauthor of Campbell Biology, Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Campbell Essential Biology, and The World of the Cell. Neil A. Campbell Neil Campbell (1946-2004) combined the investigative nature of a research scientist with the soul of an experienced and caring teacher. He earned his M.A. in zoology from the University of California, Los Angeles, and his Ph.D. in plant biology from the University of California, Riverside, where he received the Distinguished Alumnus Award in 2001. Neil published numerous research articles on desert and coastal plants and how the sensitive plant ( Mimosa) and other legumes move their leaves. His 30 years of teaching in diverse environments included introductory biology courses at Cornell University, Pomona College, and San Bernardino Valley College, where he received the college's first Outstanding Professor Award in 1986. Neil was a visiting scholar in the Department of Botany and Plant Sciences at the University of California, Riverside.