Table of Contents

Preface 13; Keynote contributions 15; The EU food safety action plan 17; Willem Daelman; 1. Introduction 17; 2. The White Paper on Food Safety 17; 3. Issues with an Impact for the Veterinary Public Health Sector 20; 4. Conclusions 22; Approaches to pre-harvest food safety assurance 23; John N. Sofos; Summary 23; 1. Introduction 23; 2. Statement of the Problem 25; 3. Animal Slaughtering Industry Approaches To Food Safety 26; 4. Responsibilities Of The Pre-harvest Sector 27; 5. Chemical Residues and Antimicrobial Resistance Control Approaches 31; 6. Pre-harvest Microbial Pathogen Control Approaches 32; 7. Conclusions 41; References 42; Microbiological concerns associated with animal feed production 49; Serve Notermans and Henk Beumer; Summary 49; 1. Introduction 49; 2. Human Foodborne Diseases 50; 3. Zoonotic Foodborne Diseases 51; 4. Other Relevant Microorganisms and Regulations 57; 5. Special Cases 58; 6. Swill Feeding 61; References 62; Natural and industrial contaminants in animal feeds: emerging substances 63; Johanna Fink-Gremmels; Summary 63; 1. Introduction 63; 2. Heavy Metals 64; 3. Pesticides and Organic Pollutants 66; 4. Mycotoxins 67; 5. Hormonally Active Substances 67; 6. Conclusions 68; References 68. The industrial production of safe animal feeds in Europe 71; Brian C. Cooke; Summary 71; 1. Introduction 71; 2. The EU Legislation 72; 3. Legislation Controlling the Materials which can be Used in Compounded Animal Feeds 72; 4. Legislation Controlling the Manufacture of Compound Animal Feeds 77; 5. FEFAC Guidelines for the Implementation of a Code of Practice for the Manufacture of Animal Feedingstuffs 79; 6. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points 81; 7. Consumer demands 84; 8. Conclusions 85; References 86; Modern methodologies for isolation/typing of animal-borne human pathogens: A research update on epidemiological tools; I. Recombinant antigens for antibody-based diagnosis 87; Christine Citti, Marion Brank and Renate Rosengarten; Summary 87; 1. Introduction 88; 2. Classic Immunoassays Using Native Antigen Preparation 88; 3. Advantages in Using Recombinant Proteins as Target Antigens 89; 4. Generation of Recombinant Antigens 91; 5. Selection of a Target Antigen 94; 6. Recombinant Antigens in Serodiagnostic Applications: Mycoplasma bovis Serology as an Example 95; 7. Drawbacks in Using Recombinant Antigens 100; 8. Use of Recombinant Antigens in Alternative Applications 100; 9. Conclusions 101; References 102; Modern methodologies for isolation/typing of animal-borne human pathogens: A research update on epidemiological tools; II. Quantitative real-time PCR 105; Dieter Klein and Walter H. Gunzburg; Summary 105; 1. Introduction 105; 2. Principle of Real-Time PCR 106; 3. Fidelity of Real-Time PCR assays 107; 4. Influence of Mutations on Sensitivity 109; 5. Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assays 110; 6. Applications in Food Hygiene 113; 7. Conclusions 113; References 113. Pre-harvest health and quality monitoring, risk assessment and their relevance to the food chain 115; Jos P. Noordhuizen and John D. Collins; Summary 115; 1. Introduction 115; 2. Herd Health Programmes: the Need for Animal and Farm Monitoring 116; 3. Risks Associated with Trade in Livestock 117; 4. Animal Health and International Trade 119; 5. Food Chain Issues 121; 6. Other Examples of Risk Assessment in Livestock Production in Relation to Human Health 122; 7. Conclusions 122; References 123; Human pathogens associated with on-farm practices - Implications for control and surveillance strategies 125; Andreas Hensel and Heinrich Neubauer; Summary 125; 1. Introduction 126; 2. Zoonoses - Towards a Broadened View 127; 3. Selected Human Pathogens - Spread and Transmission 127; 4. Factors Influencing Human Pathogens at the Farm Level 132; References 137; Emerging pathogenic bacteria of special interest; epidemiological concerns 141; Eystein Skjerve; Summary 141; 1. Introduction 141; 2. An Evolutionary Process 143; 3. The Classics: Milk and Meat 144; 4. Emerging Patterns of Disease 145; 5. Conclusions 149; References 151; Veterinary drug use in farm animal production and the antibiotic resistance problem 153; Frank Moller Aarestrup; Summary 153; 1. Introduction 153; 2. Consumption of Antimicrobial Agents for Food Animals 154; 3. Antimicrobial Resistance 157; 4. Prudent Use of Antimicrobial Agents 161; 5. Exclusion or Downgrading of Certain Antimicrobial Agents 163; 6. Discussion 164; 7. Conclusions 165; References 167. An overview of current research on animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) 171; Raymond Bradley; Summary 171; 1. Introduction 171; 2. History of TSE 172; 3. Origin of BSE and New TSE 174; 4. Connections between Animal and Human TSE 175; 5. Risks to Humans from BSE 175; 6. The TSE Agents and Strains 176; 7. Detection of Infected Animals 177; 8. BSE in Cattle 177; 9. Control Measures 180; 10. Leakiness of Bans and Further Action 182; 11. Mechanically Recovered Meat (MRM) 183; 12. The Role of the World Health Organisation (WHO) 185; 13. The Role of the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) 186; 14. European Commission Decisions 186; 15. Other Actions on BSE 187; 16. Network for Control 188; 17. Lessons from the BSE Epidemic 189; 18. Conclusions 189; References 191; Research-based TSE surveillance strategies in europe 195; Larry G. Paisley and Preben Willeberg; 1. Introduction 195; 2. Surveillance vs. Monitoring 195; 3. Phases in the Development of Surveillance and Monitoring 196; 4. The TSE Situation in Denmark 204; 5. Discussion 207; 6. Conclusions 213; Acknowledgement 214; References 214; Safety aspects associated with preharvest conditions of aquatic food products 217; Hans Henrik Huss; Summary 217; 1. Introduction 218; 2. Biotoxins 219; 3. Pathogenic Bacteria 222; 4. Viruses 224; 5. Parasites 225; 6. Chemicals 227; 7. Concluding remarks 227; References 228. Food safety in seafood; epidemiological concerns related to the geography of fishing grounds 229; Sebastian Hielm, Miia Lindstrom and Hannu Korkeala; Summary 229; 1. Introduction 229; 2. Basic Aspects of Seafood 231; 3. The Initial Microflora of Seafood 232; 4. Fish Safety Concerns 233; 5. Risks Related to the Geography of Selected Fish Pathogens 235; 6. Conclusions 242; References 243; Synopses of other conference contributions 247; Preliminary results of salmonella challenge experiments in broilers fed with fermented liquid feed 249; Lourens Heres; Influence of different types of husbandry and feeding on lead contents of selected cattle tissues 252; Sonja Forster and A. Stolle; C. botulinum contamination in honey 254; Mari Nevas, Sebastian Hielm, Miia Lindstrom and Hannu Korkeala; Honey: Relationships between heavy metals content and place of origin 256; S. Ghidini, G. Campanini and G. Delbono; Prevalence of Salmonella along a meat pork production system 260; N. Korsak, B. Groven, B. Jacob, G. Daube and E. Flament; Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis on a dairy farm 262; R.E.C. Huetink, J.W.B. van der Giessen, J.P.T.M. Noordhuizen and H.W. Ploeger; The influence of the immune status of slaughter pigs on the endogenous contamination of muscle tissue 265; Th. Alter and K. Fehlhaber; Yersiniosis: Foodborne disease and underestimated diagnostical problem 268; H. Neubauer; Prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in Danish turkeys at slaughter 271; B. Borck, K. Pedersen and M. Madsen. European follow-up study in Salmonella seronegative and seropositive pig herds 273; D.M.A. Lo Fo Wong, A. Wingstrand, J. Dahl, P.J. van der Wolf and B.M. Thorberg, A. von Altrock; The influence of type of production on the occurrence of Salmonella in the Danish table-egg production 276; T. Hald, S. Kabell and M. Madsen; Detecting Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis from surface water by polymerase chain reaction 279; Ruska Rimhanen-Finne and Marja-Liisa Hanninen; Epidemiology of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Finland 281; Taina T. Niskanen; Prevalence of Clostridium botulinum type B, E and F in faecal samples from Swedish pigs 283; Maria Dahlenborg, Peter Radstrom and Elisabeth Borch; Epidemiology and evolution of enterobacteriaceae infections in humans and domestic animals: peri- and post-harvest risk identification and quantification of foodborne transmission 285; D.J. Mellor, S.A. McEwen, W.J. Reilly and S.W.J. Reid; Potential for the spread of food-borne pathogens in the cattle lairage environment 287; A. Small, C.-A. Reid, S. Avery and S. Buncic; The use of plasmid profile analysis to study the epidemiology of salmonellas in broiler chicken flocks 290; C.J. Crowley, J.E.L. Corry, E. Liebana, and R.R.H. Davies; An investigation into the changed physiological state of vibrio organisms as a survival mechanism in response to nutrient limitation at low temperatures 293; Moira Johston; Development of methods to detect Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in biosolids applied to land 296; Jamie Massanet-Nicolau, Andrew Blackwell and Ashley Jonas; On-farm hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) for improving the safety of lamb and beef 299; David Edwards. The disclosure of tuberculous lesions at slaughter in cattle from attested herds in CO. Monaghan in 1995 302; Paul White; Animal health & pre-harvest food safety in organic dairy farming 306; C. Micheal and M.V.B. O'Mahony; The biocontrol of E. coli 0157:H7 at farm level 309; P. McGee, J.J. Sheridan, B. Earley and N. Leonard; Alteration of intestinal cell monolayers by pathogenic Escherichia coli: importance of the tracer used to measure paracellular permeability 311; A.B. Blanc-Potard, S. Etenna and A.L. Servin; Epidemiologic study on post mortem findings recorded in an Italian abattoir for sheep 314; D. Ranucci and S. Serra; Salmonella prevention in styrian parent flocks 317; H. Gruber and J. Kofer; Salmonella monitoring of styrian swine herds 320; J. Kofer, P. Pless and K. Fuchs; Occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in styrian broiler flocks 323; P. Pless, B. Ursinitsch and J. Kofer; An example of the application of HACCP principles and methodology to the safety of raw milk production - monitoring raw milk contamination from udder origin 326; Live dairy cull cow characteristics and associated microbial contamination 330; J.N. Sofos, K.E. Belk, C. Rossiter, J.O. Reagan and G.C. Smith; Active surveillance for BSE, targeting risk groups 333; Aline de Koeijer, Bram Schreuder and Mart C.M. de Jong; The cause of variant CJD 335; Andrea Lowman; A pilot study for bse active surveillance in Italy: Preliminary results 339; P.L. Acutis, M. Caramelli, C. Casalone, E. Bozzetta, M. Mazza, E. Pavoletti, G. Moda and G. Ru. The use of waste animal fats as feedstock for the production of an environmental friendly fuel for diesel engines (biodiesel) 342; E. Ahn and M. Mittelbach; Animal TSE surveillance system in the province of Styria 346; P. Wagner, J. Kofer and G. Odorfer; Lead, mercury and cadmium burden of the german mud flats (Wattenmeer) does not hamper quality of common shrimp 349; Hans Marx; Prevalence of Clostridium botulinum type E in finnish wild and farmed fish 351; Sebastian Hielm, Eija Hyytia-Trees and Hannu Korkeala; Molecular epidemiology of norwalk-like viruses in Ireland - emerging agents of foodborne disease 353; Barbara Foley, Colin Hill, and John G. Morgan; A case-study of the microbiological condition of a carp pond and the associated fish quality, with particular reference to human pathogens 355; Dagmar Suppin, Bettina Rippel-Rachle, Peter Paulsen, Erich Schopf and Frans J.M. Smulders; Listeria monocytogenes in finnish raw fish 358; Annukka Markkula, Tiina Autio and Hannu Korkeala; Environment-related factors influencing end-aquaculture product quality, focusing on antibiotics residues at the pre-harvest phase 360; E.P. Papapanagiotou; A comparative assessment of the use of ammonium-ferric(III)-hexacyanoferrate(II) (AFCF) and bentonite from polish geological deposits in reducing the radiocaesium transfer to hen eggs 363; Jaroslaw Rachubik; The two component system PHOP/PHOQ is required for full chloramphenicol resistance in the multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 368; Friederike Hilbert and Eduardo A. Groisman; Biographies 373; Index 381.