Table of Contents

Part I: Growing

1 The Coffee Plant 3

2 Botany, Genetics and Genomics of Coffee 25

3 Coffee Selection and Breeding 61

4 Coffee Propagation 91

5 Biotechnologies Applied to Coffee 141

6 Environmental Factors Suitable for Coffee Cultivation 168

7 Establishing a Coffee Plantation 182

8 Crop Maintenance 250

9 Vermicomposting in Coffee Cultivation 328

10 Organic Coffee 343

11 Frost in Coffee Crops: Frost Characteristics, Damaging Effects on Coffee and Alleviation Options 359

12 Importance of Organic Matter and Biological Fertility in Coffee Soils 375

13 Sustainable Coffee Production 388

14 Shade Management and its Effect on Coffee Growth and Quality 395

Part II: Pests & Diseases

1 Coffee Pests in Africa 425

2 Major Pests of Coffee in the Asia–Pacific Region 463

3 Nematodes in Coffee 478

4 Coffee Diseases 495

5 Viral Diseases in Coffee 550

6 Resistance to Coffee Leaf Rust and Coffee Berry Disease 557

7 Spraying Equipment for Coffee 571

8 Quarantine for Coffee 597

Part III: Harvesting & Processing

1 Yield Estimation and Harvest Period 601

2 Harvesting and Green Coffee Processing 610

3 Ecological Processing of Coffee and Use of Byproducts 724

Part IV: Storage, Shipment, Quality

1 Green Coffee Storage 741

2 Shipment of Green Coffee 759

3 Green Coffee Defects 766

4 Factors Influencing the Quality of Green Coffee 797

5 Coffee Bean Quality Assessment 818

Part V: Economics

1 Economic Aspects of Coffee Production 831

2 Technology Transfer 843

Part VI: Data & Information

1 Units and Conversion Tables 859

2 Information Sources 904

3 Data on Coffee 925

4 Acronyms and Terms used in Coffee Production 937

Index 965

About the Author

Jean-Nicolas Wintgens, a Belgian-born agronomist, has worked troughout the coffee belt of Africa, South and Central America, and Asia. Before his retirement, he held the post of world-wide advisor for coffee and cocoa production and supply at Nestle, based in Vevey (Switzerland). He is currently a frequent traveler between Mexico and Switzerland, doing consultancy work, mostly on coffee. He received two awards: - PANAMANIAN award Condecoracion de la "Orden de Manuel Amador Guerrero" con el grado de gran Comendador - 31.Mayo 1979. Decorated in appreciation of special services to the country in the field of agriculture. - French award: L'ETOILE DU BIEN ET DU MERITE Mars 2009. Pour actions humanitaires rendues en Afrique (Zaire) au cours de la rebellion 1964-65. Rare distinction honorifique, symbole de la reconnaissance pour les actions civiques et sociales, le devouement benevole, se veut d'etre un temoignage de gratitude pour les actions exemplaires.