CCNA Data Center DCICN 640-911 Official Cert Guide
9781587204548
Introduction xxxi
Getting Started 1
Part I: Networking Fundamentals 9
Chapter 1 The
TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models 11
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 11
Foundation Topics 14
Perspectives on Networking 14
TCP/IP Networking Model 15
History Leading to TCP/IP 16
Overview of the TCP/IP Networking Model 17
TCP/IP Application Layer 19
HTTP Overview 19
HTTP Protocol Mechanisms 20
TCP/IP Transport Layer 21
TCP Error Recovery Basics 21
Same-Layer and Adjacent-Layer Interactions 22
TCP/IP Network Layer 22
Internet Protocol and the Postal Service 23
Internet Protocol Addressing Basics 24
IP Routing Basics 25
TCP/IP Link Layer (Data Link Plus Physical) 26
TCP/IP Model and Terminology 28
Comparing the Original and Modern TCP/IP Models 28
Data Encapsulation Terminology 28
Names of TCP/IP Messages 30
OSI Networking Model 30
Comparing OSI and TCP/IP 30
Describing Protocols by Referencing the OSI Layers 31
OSI Layers and Their Functions 32
OSI Layering Concepts and Benefits 33
OSI Encapsulation Terminology 34
Exam Preparation Tasks 36
Review All the Key Topics 36
Definitions of Key Terms 36
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Ethernet LANs 39
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 39
Foundation Topics 42
An Overview of LANs 42
Typical SOHO LANs 42
Typical Enterprise Campus LANs 43
Typical Data Center Ethernet LAN 44
The Variety of Ethernet Physical Layer Standards 45
Consistent Behavior over All Links Using the Ethernet Data Link
Layer 46
Building Physical Ethernet Networks with UTP 47
Transmitting Data Using Twisted Pairs 47
Breaking Down a UTP Ethernet Link 48
UTP Cabling Pinouts for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T 51
Straight-Through Cable Pinout 51
Crossover Cable Pinout 53
Choosing the Right Cable Pinouts 54
UTP Cabling Pinouts for 1000BASE-T 55
Sending Data in Ethernet Networks 55
Ethernet Data-Link Protocols 55
Ethernet Addressing 56
Identifying Network Layer Protocols with the Ethernet Type
Field 58
Error Detection with FCS 59
Sending Ethernet Frames with Switches and Hubs 59
Sending in Modern Ethernet LANs Using Full-Duplex 59
Using Half-Duplex with LAN Hubs 60
Exam Preparation Tasks 63
Review All the Key Topics 63
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 63
Definitions of Key Terms 64
Chapter 3 Fundamentals of WANs 67
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 67
Foundation Topics 70
Leased Line WANs 70
Positioning Leased Lines with LANs and Routers 70
Physical Details of Leased Lines 71
Leased Line Cabling 72
Building a WAN Link in a Lab 73
Data Link Details of Leased Lines 74
HDLC Basics 74
How Routers Use a WAN Data Link 75
Ethernet as a WAN Technology 77
Ethernet WANs that Create a Layer 2 Service 78
How Routers Route IP Packets Using Ethernet Emulation 79
Accessing the Internet 80
The Internet as a Large WAN 80
Internet Access (WAN) Links 81
Digital Subscriber Line 82
Cable Internet 84
Exam Preparation Tasks 86
Review All the Key Topics 86
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 86
Definitions of Key Terms 86
Chapter 4 Fundamentals of IPv4 Addressing and Routing 89
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 89
Foundation Topics 92
Overview of Network Layer Functions 92
Network Layer Routing (Forwarding) Logic 92
Host Forwarding Logic: Send the Packet to the Default Router
93
R1 and R2’s Logic: Routing Data Across the Network 94
R3’s Logic: Delivering Data to the End Destination 94
How Network Layer Routing Uses LANs and WANs 94
IP Addressing and How Addressing Helps IP Routing 95
Routing Protocols 97
IPv4 Addressing 97
Rules for IP Addresses 98
Rules for Grouping IP Addresses 98
Class A, B, and C IP Networks 99
The Actual Class A, B, and C IP Networks 101
IP Subnetting 103
IPv4 Routing 105
IPv4 Host Routing 105
Router Forwarding Decisions and the IP Routing Table 106
A Summary of Router Forwarding Logic 106
A Detailed Routing Example 107
IPv4 Routing Protocols 109
Other Network Layer Features 111
Using Names and the Domain Name System 111
The Address Resolution Protocol 112
ICMP Echo and the ping Command 113
Exam Preparation Tasks 115
Review All the Key Topics 115
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 115
Definitions of Key Terms 115
Chapter 5 Fundamentals of TCP/IP Transport and Applications
117
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 117
Foundation Topics 120
TCP/IP Layer 4 Protocols: TCP and UDP 120
Transmission Control Protocol 121
Multiplexing Using TCP Port Numbers 122
Popular TCP/IP Applications 125
Connection Establishment and Termination 126
Error Recovery and Reliability 127
Flow Control Using Windowing 130
User Datagram Protocol 131
TCP/IP Applications 132
QoS Needs and the Impact of TCP/IP Applications 132
Defining Interactive and Batch Applications 132
Real-Time Voice and Video Applications 133
The World Wide Web, HTTP, and SSL 134
Uniform Resource Locators 134
Finding the Web Server Using DNS 135
Transferring Files with HTTP 137
How the Receiving Host Identifies the Correct Receiving
Application 138
Exam Preparation Tasks 140
Review All the Key Topics 140
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 140
Definitions of Key Terms 140
Part I Review 142
Part II: Ethernet LAN Basics 147
Chapter 6 Building Ethernet LANs with Switches 149
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 149
Foundation Topics 152
Ethernet History 152
Early Ethernet with Coaxial Cabling 152
Ethernet Devices 154
Ethernet Repeaters 154
10BASE-T with Hub 155
Ethernet Transparent Bridges 157
Ethernet Switches 158
Ethernet Standards 159
Ethernet Data-Link Protocols 160
Ethernet Physical Layer Standards 161
Ethernet Competition 162
Switching Logic 164
Layer 2 Switching Basics 164
The Forward Versus Filter Decision 165
How Switches Learn MAC Addresses 167
Flooding Frames 167
Avoiding Loops Using Spanning Tree Protocol 168
LAN Switching Summary 169
Design Choices in Ethernet LANs 170
Collision Domains, Broadcast Domains, and VLANs 170
Collision Domains 170
Broadcast Domains 171
Virtual LANs and Broadcast Domains 172
The Impact of Collision and Broadcast Domains on LAN Design
173
Ethernet LAN Media and Cable Lengths 174
Autonegotiation 175
Autonegotiation Results When Only One Node Uses
Autonegotiation 176
Autonegotiation and LAN Hubs 178
Exam Preparation Tasks 179
Review All the Key Topics 179
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 179
Definitions of Key Terms 180
Chapter 7 Installing and Operating Nexus Switches 183
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 183
Foundation Topics 186
Accessing the Cisco Nexus 5500 Switch CLI 186
Cisco Nexus Switches and the 5500 Switch 186
Accessing the Cisco NX-OS CLI 186
Cabling the Console Connection 187
Configuring the Terminal Emulator for the Console 188
Accessing the CLI with Telnet and SSH in NX-OS 189
Management Interface 190
Password Security for CLI Access 191
User Settings 192
CLI Help Features 194
The debug and show Commands 196
Introduction to Cisco NX-OS 196
Software Modularity in Cisco NX-OS 197
Service Restart in Cisco NX-OS 198
Software High Availability in Cisco NX-OS 199
In-Service Software Upgrades 199
Cisco NX-OS Licensing 200
Cisco NX-OS and Cisco IOS Comparison 201
Configuring Cisco NX-OS Software 202
Configuration Submodes and Contexts 202
Storing Switch Configuration Files 204
Copying and Erasing Configuration Files 206
Initial Configuration (Setup Mode) 208
NX-OS Version and Other Reload Facts 209
Exam Preparation Tasks 211
Review All the Key Topics 211
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 211
Definitions of Key Terms 211
Command References 211
Chapter 8 Configuring Ethernet Switching 215
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 215
Foundation Topics 217
Configuration of Features in Common on all Nexus Switches 217
Securing the Switch CLI 217
Securing Access with Local Usernames and Passwords 217
Securing Access with External Authentication Servers 218
Configuring Secure Shell 219
Banners 220
History Buffer Commands 221
The logging synchronous and exec-timeout Commands 222
Nexus Switch Configuration and Operation 222
Switch Virtual Interface Concept Inside a Switch 223
Configuring IPv4 on a Cisco Nexus Switch 223
Verifying IPv4 on a Switch 224
Configuring Switch Interfaces 225
Securing Unused Switch Interfaces 226
Predicting the Contents of the MAC Address Table 227
Scenario 1: Communication Between S1 and S2 228
Scenario 2: Communication from S1 to S3 228
Exam Preparation Tasks 230
Review All the Key Topics 230
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 230
Definitions of Key Terms 230
Command References 230
Part II Review 234
Part III: Ethernet Virtual LANs and Spanning Tree 239
Chapter 9 VLAN and Trunking Concepts 241
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 241
Foundation Topics 244
Virtual LANs and VLAN Trunks 244
Creating Multiswitch VLANs Using Trunking 245
The 802.1Q and ISL VLAN Trunking Protocols 247
Forwarding Data Between VLANs 248
Routing Packets Between VLANs with a Router 249
Routing Packets with a Layer 3 Switch 251
VLAN Trunking Protocol 252
VTP Functions 252
Making VTP Work with VTP Servers and Clients 253
Disabling VTP 256
Summary of VTP Features 257
Exam Preparation Tasks 259
Review All the Key Topics 259
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 259
Definitions of Key Terms 259
Chapter 10 VLAN Trunking and Configuration 261
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 261
Foundation Topics 264
VLAN Configuration and Verification 264
VLAN Guidelines for Cisco Nexus Switches 264
Creating VLANs and Assigning Access VLANs to an Interface 265
VLAN Configuration Example 1: Full VLAN Configuration
265
VLAN Configuration Example 2: Shorter VLAN Configuration
268
VLAN Trunking Configuration and Verification 268
Controlling Which VLANs Can Be Supported on a Trunk 271
VTP Configuration and Verification 275
Enabling VTP 275
Limiting VTP Using Pruning 278
Exam Preparation Tasks 280
Review All the Key Topics 280
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 280
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 280
Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol Concepts 283
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 283
Foundation Topics 286
Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1D) 286
The Need for Spanning Tree 286
What IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Does 288
How Spanning Tree Works 290
The STP Bridge ID and Hello BPDU 291
Electing the Root Switch 292
Choosing Each Switch’s Root Port 294
Tiebreakers for Root Port 296
Choosing the Designated Port on Each LAN Segment 296
Influencing and Changing the STP Topology 297
Making Configuration Changes to Influence the STP Topology
298
Reacting to State Changes That Affect the STP Topology
298
How Switches React to Changes with STP 299
Changing Interface States with STP 300
Optional STP Features 301
EtherChannel 302
PortFast 303
BPDU Guard 303
Rapid STP (IEEE 802.1w) 304
RSTP and the Alternate (Root) Port 305
RSTP States and Processes 306
RSTP Backup (Designated) Ports 307
Exam Preparation Tasks 309
Review All the Key Topics 309
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 309
Definitions of Key Terms 309
Chapter 12 Cisco Nexus Spanning Tree Protocol Implementation
311
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 311
Foundation Topics 314
STP Configuration and Verification 314
Connecting STP Concepts to STP Configuration Options 315
Per-VLAN Configuration Settings 315
The Bridge ID and System ID Extension 316
Per-VLAN Port Costs 317
STP Configuration Option Summary 317
Verifying STP Operation 318
Improving STP Operation 321
Configuring STP Port Costs 321
Configuring Priority to Influence the Root Election 322
Spanning-Tree Port Types 324
Configuring PortFast and BPDU Guard 324
Configuring EtherChannel 326
Configuring a Manual EtherChannel 326
Configuring Dynamic EtherChannels 328
Troubleshooting EtherChannel 329
Incorrect Options on the channel-group Command 329
Configuration Checks Before Adding Interfaces to
EtherChannels 331
Exam Preparation Tasks 333
Review All the Key Topics 333
Definitions of Key Terms 333
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 333
Part III Review 336
Part IV: IP Addressing and Subnetting 341
Chapter 13 Perspectives on IPv4 Subnetting 343
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 343
Foundation Topics 346
Introduction to Subnetting 346
Subnetting Defined Through a Simple Example 346
Operational View Versus Design View of Subnetting 347
Analyze Subnetting and Addressing Needs 348
Rules About Which Hosts Are in Which Subnet 348
Subnet Rules with Layer 3 Switches 349
Determine the Number of Subnets 351
Determine the Number of Hosts per Subnet 353
One Size Subnet Fits All (Or Not) 354
Defining the Size of a Subnet 354
One Size Subnet Fits All 355
Multiple Subnet Sizes (Variable-Length Subnet Masks) 356
Make Design Choices 357
Choose a Classful Network 357
Public IP Networks 357
Growth Exhausts the Public IP Address Space 358
Private IP Networks 359
Choose an IP Network During the Design Phase 360
Choose the Mask 360
Classful IP Networks Before Subnetting 361
Borrow Host Bits to Create Subnet Bits 361
Choose Enough Subnet and Host Bits 362
Example Design: 172.16.0.0, 200 Subnets, 200 Hosts 364
Masks and Mask Formats 364
Build a List of All Subnets 365
Plan the Implementation 366
Assign Subnets to Different Locations 367
Choose Static and Dynamic Ranges per Subnet 367
Foundation Topics 369
Review All the Key Topics 369
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 369
Definitions of Key Terms 369
Chapter 14 Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks 371
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 371
Foundation Topics 374
Classful Network Concepts 374
IPv4 Network Classes and Related Facts 374
Actual Class A, B, and C Networks 375
Address Formats 376
Default Masks 377
Number of Hosts per Network 377
Deriving the Network ID and Related Numbers 378
Unusual Network IDs and Network Broadcast Addresses 380
Practice with Classful Networks 381
Practice Deriving Key Facts Based on an IP Address 381
Practice Remembering the Details of Address Classes 382
Additional Practice 383
Exam Preparation Tasks 384
Review All the Key Topics 384
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 384
Definitions of Key Terms 384
Practice 384
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 385
Answers to Practice Problem 7 (From Table 14-5) 385
Answers to Practice Problem 8 (From Table 14-5) 386
Answers to Practice Problem 9 (From Table 14-5) 386
Chapter 15 Analyzing Subnet Masks 389
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 389
Foundation Topics 392
Subnet Mask Conversion 392
Three Mask Formats 392
Converting Between Binary and Prefix Masks 393
Converting Between Binary and DDN Masks 394
Converting Between Prefix and DDN Masks 396
Practice Converting Subnet Masks 397
Identifying Subnet Design Choices Using Masks 398
Masks Divide the Subnet’s Addresses into Two Parts 399
Masks and Class Divide Addresses into Three Parts 400
Classless and Classful Addressing 401
Calculations Based on the IPv4 Address Format 401
Practice Analyzing Subnet Masks 403
Exam Preparation Tasks 405
Review All the Key Topics 405
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 405
Definitions of Key Terms 405
Practice 405
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 406
Chapter 16 Analyzing Existing Subnets 409
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 409
Foundation Topics 412
Defining a Subnet 412
An Example with Network 172.16.0.0 and Four Subnets 412
Subnet ID Concepts 414
Subnet Broadcast Address 415
Range of Usable Addresses 415
Analyzing Existing Subnets: Binary 416
Finding the Subnet ID: Binary 416
Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Binary 418
Binary Practice Problems 419
Shortcut for the Binary Process 420
Brief Note About Boolean Math 422
Finding the Range of Addresses 422
Analyzing Existing Subnets: Decimal 422
Analysis with Easy Masks 423
Predictability in the Interesting Octet 424
Finding the Subnet ID: Difficult Masks 425
Resident Subnet Example 1 426
Resident Subnet Example 2 427
Resident Subnet Practice Problems 427
Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Difficult Masks 428
Subnet Broadcast Example 1 428
Subnet Broadcast Example 2 429
Subnet Broadcast Address Practice Problems 430
Practice Analyzing Existing Subnets 430
A Choice: Memorize or Calculate 430
Additional Practice 431
Exam Preparation Tasks 432
Review All the Key Topics 432
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 432
Definitions of Key Terms 432
Practice 432
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 433
Chapter 17 Fundamentals of IP Version 6 437
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 437
Foundation Topics 440
Introduction to IP Version 6 440
The Need and Effect of a New Internet Protocol 440
Additional Motivations for IPv6 441
Many Protocols Updated 442
Introduction to IPv6 Addresses and Prefixes 442
Representing Full (Unabbreviated) IPv6 Addresses 443
Abbreviating IPv6 Addresses 443
Expanding IPv6 Addresses 444
Representing the Prefix Length of an Address 445
Calculating the IPv6 Prefix (Subnet ID) 445
Assigning Unique IPv6 Prefixes Across the Globe 447
IPv6 Addressing and Subnetting 449
Global Unicast Addresses and IPv6 Subnetting 449
IPv6 Subnetting Concepts 450
Assign Subnets and Addresses 452
The Actual Global Unicast Addresses 453
Unique Local Unicast Addresses 453
Link Local Addresses 454
IPv6 Multicast Addresses 455
Miscellaneous IPv6 Addresses 456
Implementing IPv6 457
IPv6 Address Assignment 457
Dynamic Assignment of the Interface ID with EUI-64 457
Discovering the IPv6 Prefix with SLAAC 459
Dynamic Configuration Using Stateful DHCP 460
IPv6 Transition and Coexistence 461
Dual Stack 462
Tunneling IPv6 Inside IPv4 462
Exam Preparation Tasks 464
Review All the Key Topics 464
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 464
Definitions of Key Terms 464
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 464
Part IV Review 466
Part V: IPv4 Routing 471
Chapter 18 IPv4 Routing Concepts 473
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 473
Foundation Topics 475
IP Routing 475
IPv4 Routing Process Reference 475
An Example of IP Routing 478
Host Forwards the IP Packet to the Default Router (Gateway)
478
Routing Step 1: Decide Whether to Process the Incoming Frame
479
Routing Step 2: Deencapsulation of the IP Packet 480
Routing Step 3: Choosing Where to Forward the Packet 480
Routing Step 4: Encapsulating the Packet in a New Frame
481
Routing Step 5: Transmitting the Frame 482
Internal Processing on Cisco Routers 482
Potential Routing Performance Issues 483
Cisco Router Fast Switching and CEF 483
Cisco Nexus Switch Operations with Routing 484
Exam Preparation Tasks 488
Review All the Key Topics 488
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 488
Definitions of Key Terms 488
Chapter 19 Cisco Nexus IPv4 Routing Configuration 491
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 491
Foundation Topics 494
Configuring Connected Routes on Cisco Nexus Switches 494
Direct and Local Routes and the ip address Command 494
Routing Between Subnets on VLANs 497
Configuring Routing to VLANs Using a Layer 3 Switch 497
Configuring Static Routes 499
Static Route Configuration 499
Static Default Routes 501
Exam Preparation Tasks 502
Review All the Key Topics 502
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 502
Definitions of Key Terms 502
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 502
Chapter 20 IPv4 Routing Protocol Concepts 505
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 505
Foundation Topics 508
Introduction to Routing Protocols 508
History of Interior Gateway Protocols 508
Comparing IGPs 509
Distance Vector Basics 511
The Concept of a Distance and a Vector 511
Full Update Messages and Split Horizon 512
Monitoring Neighbor State with Periodic RIP Updates 513
Split Horizon 513
Route Poisoning 514
RIP Concepts and Operation 515
Features of Both RIPv1 and RIPv2 515
Differences Between RIPv1 and RIPv2 516
EIGRP Concepts and Operation 517
EIGRP Maintains Neighbor Status Using Hello 518
EIGRP Topology and the Metric Calculation 518
EIGRP Convergence 519
EIGRP Summary 521
Understanding the OSPF Link-State Routing Protocol 521
OSPF Comparisons with EIGRP 521
Building the OSPF LSDB and Creating IP Routes 522
Topology Information and LSAs 522
Applying Dijkstra SPF Math and OSPF Metrics to Find the Best
Routes 524
Scaling OSPF Through Hierarchical Design 525
Exam Preparation Tasks 528
Review All the Key Topics 528
Definitions of Key Terms 528
Chapter 21 Nexus Routing Protocol Configuration 531
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 531
Foundation Topics 533
RIP Version 2 Configuration on NX-OS 536
EIGRP Configuration on NX-OS 541
OSPF Configuration on NX-OS 546
Exam Preparation Tasks 551
Review All the Key Topics 551
Definitions of Key Terms 551
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 551
Chapter 22 IPv4 Access Control Lists on Cisco Nexus Switches
555
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 555
Foundation Topics 557
IPv4 Access Control List Basics 557
ACL Location and Direction 557
Matching Packets 558
Taking Action When a Match Occurs 559
Types of IP ACLs 559
List Logic with IP ACLs 560
Matching Logic and Command Syntax 562
Matching TCP and UDP Port Numbers 562
Implementing Cisco Nexus IPv4 ACLs 566
ACL Example 1 566
ACL Example 2 567
Practice Cisco Nexus IPv4 ACLs 568
Practice Building access-list Commands 568
Exam Preparation Tasks 570
Review All the Key Topics 570
Definitions of Key Terms 570
Appendix H Practice Problems 570
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 570
Part V Review 572
Part VI: Final Preparation 577
Chapter 23 Final Review 579
Advice About the Exam Event 579
Learn the Question Types Using the Cisco Certification Exam
Tutorial 579
Think About Your Time Budget Versus Numbers of Questions 580
A Suggested Time-Check Method 581
Miscellaneous Pre-Exam Suggestions 582
Exam-Day Advice 582
Exam Review 583
Practice Subnetting and Other Math-Related Skills 583
Take Practice Exams 585
Practicing Taking the DCICN Exam 585
Advice on How to Answer Exam Questions 586
Taking Other Practice Exams 587
Find Knowledge Gaps Through Question Review 588
Practice Hands-On CLI Skills 591
Review Mind Maps from Part Review 591
Other Study Tasks 591
Final Thoughts 591
Part VII: Appendices 593
Appendix A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes
595
Appendix B DCICN Exam Updates 613
Appendix C Numeric Reference Tables 615
Appendix D Nexus Lab Guide 623
DVD-only Appendices
Appendix E Practice for Chapter 14: Analyzing Classful IPv4
Networks
Appendix F Practice for Chapter 15: Analyzing Subnet
Masks
Appendix G Practice for Chapter 16: Analyzing Existing
Subnets
Appendix H Practice for Chapter 22: IPv4 Access Control
Lists on Cisco Nexus Switches
Appendix I Memory Tables
Appendix J Memory Tables Answer Key
Glossary
9781587204548 TOC 10/15/2014
CCNA Data Center DCICT 640-916 Official Cert Guide
9781587144226
Introduction xxxix
Getting Started 1
Part I Data Center Networking 7
Chapter 1 Data Center Network Architecture 9
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 9
Foundation Topics 14
Modular Approach in Network Design 14
The Multilayer Network Design 14
Access Layer 16
Aggregation Layer 16
Core Layer 17
Collapse Core Design 17
Spine and Leaf Design 18
Port Channel 19
What Is Port Channel? 19
Benefits of Using Port Channels 20
Port Channel Compatibility Requirements 20
Link Aggregation Control Protocol 21
Port Channel Modes 21
Configuring Port Channel 22
Port Channel Load Balancing 23
Verifying Port Channel Configuration 23
Virtual Port Channel 24
What Is Virtual Port Channel? 24
Benefits of Using Virtual Port Channel 26
Components of vPC 26
vPC Data Plane Operation 29
vPC Control Plane Operation 30
vPC Limitations 31
Configuration Steps of vPC 32
Verification of vPC 33
FabricPath 34
Spanning Tree Protocol 34
What Is FabricPath? 35
Benefits of FabricPath 36
Components of FabricPath 36
FabricPath Frame Format 38
FabricPath Control Plane 40
FabricPath Data Plane 41
Conversational Learning 42
FabricPath Packet Flow Example 43
Unknown Unicast Packet Flow 43
Known Unicast Packet Flow 44
Virtual Port Channel Plus 45
FabricPath Interaction with Spanning Tree 46
Configuring FabricPath 47
Verifying FabricPath 48
Exam Preparation Tasks 50
Review All Key Topics 50
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 50
Define Key Terms 51
Chapter 2 Cisco Nexus Product Family 53
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 53
Foundation Topics 56
Describe the Cisco Nexus Product Family 56
Cisco Nexus 9000 Family 57
Cisco Nexus 9500 Family 57
Chassis 59
Supervisor Engine 60
System Controller 60
Fabric Modules 61
Line Cards 62
Power Supplies 64
Fan Trays 65
Cisco QSFP Bi-Di Technology for 40 Gbps Migration 66
Cisco Nexus 9300 Family 66
Cisco Nexus 7000 and Nexus 7700 Product Family 67
Cisco Nexus 7004 Series Switch Chassis 70
Cisco Nexus 7009 Series Switch Chassis 71
Cisco Nexus 7010 Series Switch Chassis 72
Cisco Nexus 7018 Series Switch Chassis 72
Cisco Nexus 7706 Series Switch Chassis 73
Cisco Nexus 7710 Series Switch Chassis 74
Cisco Nexus 7718 Series Switch Chassis 74
Cisco Nexus 7000 and Nexus 7700 Supervisor Module 75
Cisco Nexus 7000 Series Supervisor 1 Module 76
Cisco Nexus 7000 Series Supervisor 2 Module 76
Cisco Nexus 7000 and Nexus 7700 Fabric Modules 77
Cisco Nexus 7000 and Nexus 7700 Licensing 79
Cisco Nexus 7000 and Nexus 7700 Line Cards 82
Cisco Nexus 7000 and Nexus 7700 Series Power Supply Options 84
Cisco Nexus 7000 and Nexus 7700 Series 3.0-KW AC
Power Supply Module 85
Cisco Nexus 7000 and Nexus 7700 Series 3.0-KW DC
Power Supply Module 85
Cisco Nexus 7000 Series 6.0-KW and 7.5-KW AC
Power Supply Module 86
Cisco Nexus 7000 Series 6.0-KW DC Power Supply Module 87
Cisco Nexus 6000 Product Family 89
Cisco Nexus 6001P and Nexus 6001T Switches and Features 89
Cisco Nexus 6004 Switches Features 90
Cisco Nexus 6000 Switches Licensing Options 91
Cisco Nexus 5500 and Nexus 5600 Product Family 93
Cisco Nexus 5548P and 5548UP Switches Features 94
Cisco Nexus 5596UP and 5596T Switches Features 94
Cisco Nexus 5500 Products Expansion Modules 95
Cisco Nexus 5600 Product Family 98
Cisco Nexus 5672UP Switch Features 99
Cisco Nexus 56128P Switch Features 100
Cisco Nexus 5600 Expansion Modules 100
Cisco Nexus 5500 and Nexus 5600 Licensing Options 101
Cisco Nexus 3000 Product Family 102
Cisco Nexus 3000 Licensing Options 106
Cisco Nexus 2000 Fabric Extenders Product Family 108
Cisco Dynamic Fabric Automation 113
Summary 113
Exam Preparation Tasks 115
Review All Key Topics 115
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 116
Define Key Terms 116
Chapter 3 Virtualizing Cisco Network Devices 119
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 119
Foundation Topics 121
Describing VDCs on the Cisco Nexus 7000 Series Switch 121
VDC Deployment Scenarios 122
Horizontal Consolidation Scenarios 123
Vertical Consolidation Scenarios 124
VDCs for Service Insertion 124
Understanding Different Types of VDCs 125
Interface Allocation 127
VDC Administration 127
VDC Requirements 128
Verifying VDCs on the Cisco Nexus 7000 Series Switch 129
Describing Network Interface Virtualization 132
Cisco Nexus 2000 FEX Terminology 132
Nexus 2000 Series Fabric Extender Connectivity 133
VN-Tag Overview 134
Cisco Nexus 2000 FEX Packet Flow 135
Cisco Nexus 2000 FEX Port Connectivity 136
Cisco Nexus 2000 FEX Configuration on the Nexus 7000 Series 138
Summary 141
Exam Preparation Tasks 142
Review All Key Topics 142
Define Key Terms 142
Chapter 4 Data Center Interconnect 145
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 145
Foundation Topics 147
Introduction to Overlay Transport Virtualization 147
OTV Terminology 149
OTV Control Plane 151
Multicast Enabled Transport Infrastructure 151
Unicast-Enabled Transport Infrastructure 152
Data Plane for Unicast Traffic 153
Data Plane for Multicast Traffic 155
Failure Isolation 157
STP Isolation 157
Unknown Unicast Handling 157
ARP Optimization 158
OTV Multihoming 158
First Hop Redundancy Protocol Isolation 158
OTV Configuration Example with Multicast Transport 159
OTV Configuration Example with Unicast Transport 162
Summary 164
Exam Preparation Tasks 165
Review All Key Topics 165
Define Key Terms 165
Chapter 5 Management and Monitoring of Cisco Nexus Devices 167
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 167
Foundation Topics 171
Operational Planes of a Nexus Switch 171
Data Plane 171
Store-and-Forward Switching 172
Cut-Through Switching 172
Nexus 5500 Data Plane Architecture 172
Control Plane 174
Nexus 5500 Control Plane Architecture 174
Control Plane Policing 176
Control Plane Analyzer 178
Management Plane 178
Nexus Management and Monitoring Features 179
Out-of-Band Management 180
Console Port 181
Connectivity Management Processor 181
Management Port (mgmt0) 182
In-band Management 182
Role-Based Access Control 183
User Roles 183
Rules 184
User Role Policies 184
RBAC Characteristics and Guidelines 184
Privilege Levels 185
Simple Network Management Protocol 185
SNMP Notifications 186
SNMPv3 186
Remote Monitoring 187
RMON Alarms 187
RMON Events 188
Syslog 188
Embedded Event Manager 189
Event Statements 189
Action Statements 189
Policies 190
Generic Online Diagnostics (GOLD) 190
Smart Call Home 191
Nexus Device Configuration and Verification 192
Perform Initial Setup 192
In-Service Software Upgrade 195
ISSU on the Cisco Nexus 5000 196
ISSU on the Cisco Nexus 7000 197
Important CLI Commands 199
Command-Line Help 199
Automatic Command Completion 200
Entering and Exiting Configuration Context 200
Display Current Configuration 201
Command Piping and Parsing 202
Feature Command 203
Verifying Modules 204
Verifying Interfaces 205
Viewing Logs 207
Viewing NVRAM logs 208
Exam Preparation Tasks 209
Review All Key Topics 209
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 209
Define Key Terms 209
Part I Review 210
Part II Data Center Storage-Area Networking 215
Chapter 6 Data Center Storage Architecture 217
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 217
Foundation Topics 220
What Is a Storage Device? 220
What Is a Storage-Area Network? 224
How to Access a Storage Device 226
Block-Level Protocols 227
File-Level Protocols 236
Putting It All Together 238
Storage Architectures 238
Scale-up and Scale-out Storage 239
Tiered Storage 239
SAN Design 241
SAN Design Considerations 244
1. Port Density and Topology Requirements 244
2. Device Performance and Oversubscription Ratios 245
3. Traffic Management 247
4. Fault Isolation 247
5. Control Plane Scalability 248
SAN Topologies 249
Fibre Channel 252
FC-0: Physical Interface 253
FC-1: Encode/Decode 254
Encoding and Decoding 255
Ordered Sets 255
FC-2: Framing Protocol 256
Fibre Channel Service Classes 258
Fibre Channel Flow Control 258
FC-3: Common Services 260
Fibre Channel Addressing 261
Switched Fabric Address Space 262
Fibre Channel Link Services 263
Fibre Channel Fabric Services 265
FC-4: ULPs–Application Protocols 266
Fibre Channel–Standard Port Types 267
Virtual Storage-Area Network 269
Dynamic Port VSAN Membership 271
Inter-VSAN Routing 271
Fibre Channel Zoning and LUN Masking 272
Device Aliases Versus Zone-Based (FC) Aliases 276
Reference List 277
Exam Preparation Tasks 278
Review All Key Topics 278
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 280
Define Key Terms 280
Chapter 7 Cisco MDS Product Family 283
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 283
Foundation Topics 286
Once Upon a Time There Was a Company Called Andiamo 286
The Secret Sauce of Cisco MDS: Architecture 288
A Day in the Life of a Fibre Channel Frame in MDS 9000 289
Lossless Networkwide In-Order Delivery Guarantee 296
Cisco MDS Software and Storage Services 296
Flexibility and Scalability 296
Common Software Across All Platforms 296
Multiprotocol Support 296
Virtual SANs 297
Intelligent Fabric Applications 297
Network-Assisted Applications 297
Cisco Data Mobility Manager 298
I/O Accelerator 298
XRC Acceleration 299
Network Security 299
Switch and Host Authentication 299
IP Security for FCIP and iSCSI 299
Cisco TrustSec Fibre Channel Link Encryption 300
Role-Based Access Control 300
Port Security and Fabric Binding 300
Zoning 300
Availability 301
Nondisruptive Software Upgrades 301
Stateful Process Failover 301
ISL Resiliency Using Port Channels 301
iSCSI, FCIP, and Management-Interface High Availability 302
Port Tracking for Resilient SAN Extension 302
Manageability 302
Open APIs 303
Configuration and Software-Image Management 303
N-Port Virtualization 303
Autolearn for Network Security Configuration 304
FlexAttach 304
Cisco Data Center Network Manager Server Federation 304
Network Boot for iSCSI Hosts 304
Internet Storage Name Service 304
Proxy iSCSI Initiator 304
iSCSI Server Load Balancing 305
IPv6 305
Traffic Management 305
Quality of Service 305
Extended Credits 305
Virtual Output Queuing 305
Fibre Channel Port Rate Limiting 306
Load Balancing of Port Channel Traffic 306
iSCSI and SAN Extension Performance Enhancements 306
FCIP Compression 306
FCIP Tape Acceleration 306
Serviceability, Troubleshooting, and Diagnostics 307
Cisco Switched Port Analyzer and Cisco Fabric Analyzer 307
SCSI Flow Statistics 307
Fibre Channel Ping and Fibre Channel Traceroute 307
Call Home 308
System Log 308
Other Serviceability Features 308
Cisco MDS 9000 Family Software License Packages 309
Cisco MDS Multilayer Directors 312
Cisco MDS 9700 312
Cisco MDS 9500 315
Cisco MDS 9000 Series Multilayer Components 319
Cisco MDS 9700—MDS 9500 Supervisor and Crossbar Switching Modules 319
Cisco MDS 9000 48-Port 8-Gbps Advanced Fibre Channel Switching Module 322
Cisco MDS 9000 32-Port 8-Gbps Advanced Fibre Channel Switching Module 323
Cisco MDS 9000 18/4-Port Multiservice Module (MSM) 323
Cisco MDS 9000 16-Port Gigabit Ethernet Storage Services Node (SSN) Module 324
Cisco MDS 9000 4-Port 10-Gbps Fibre Channel Switching Module 324
Cisco MDS 9000 8-Port 10-Gbps Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) Module 325
Cisco MDS 9700 48-Port 16-Gbps Fibre Channel Switching Module 325
Cisco MDS 9700 48-Port 10-Gbps Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) Module 326
Cisco MDS 9000 Family Pluggable Transceivers 326
Cisco MDS Multiservice and Multilayer Fabric Switches 328
Cisco MDS 9148 329
Cisco MDS 9148S 329
Cisco MDS 9222i 330
Cisco MDS 9250i 332
Cisco MDS Fibre Channel Blade Switches 335
Cisco Prime Data Center Network Manager 337
Cisco DCNM SAN Fundamentals Overview 338
DCNM-SAN Server 339
Licensing Requirements for Cisco DCNM-SAN Server 339
Device Manager 339
DCNM-SAN Web Client 340
Performance Manager 340
Authentication in DCNM-SAN Client 341
Cisco Traffic Analyzer 341
Network Monitoring 341
Performance Monitoring 341
Reference List 342
Exam Preparation Tasks 343
Review All Key Topics 343
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 344
Define Key Terms 344
Chapter 8 Virtualizing Storage 347
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 347
Foundation Topics 350
What Is Storage Virtualization? 350
How Storage Virtualization Works 351
Why Storage Virtualization? 351
What Is Being Virtualized? 352
Block Virtualization–RAID 353
Virtualizing Logical Unit Numbers 359
Tape Storage Virtualization 360
Virtualizing Storage-Area Networks 361
N-Port ID Virtualization (NPIV) 362
N-Port Virtualizer (NPV) 362
Virtualizing File Systems 362
File/Record Virtualization 363
Where Does the Storage Virtualization Occur? 364
Host-Based Virtualization 364
Network-Based (Fabric-Based) Virtualization 365
Array-Based Virtualization 368
Reference List 370
Exam Preparation Tasks 372
Review All Key Topics 372
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 372
Define Key Terms 372
Chapter 9 Fibre Channel Storage-Area Networking 375
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 375
Foundation Topics 379
Where Do I Start? 379
The Cisco MDS NX-OS Setup Utility–Back to Basics 383
The Power On Auto Provisioning 392
Licensing Cisco MDS 9000 Family NX-OS Software Features 394
License Installation 394
Verifying the License Configuration 397
On-Demand Port Activation Licensing 397
Making a Port Eligible for a License 399
Acquiring a License for a Port 399
Moving Licenses Among Ports 399
Cisco MDS 9000 NX-OS Software Upgrade and Downgrade 400
Upgrading to Cisco NX-OS on an MDS 9000 Series Switch 402
Downgrading Cisco NX-OS Release on an MDS 9500 Series Switch 404
Configuring Interfaces 406
Graceful Shutdown 407
Port Administrative Speeds 407
Frame Encapsulation 407
Bit Error Thresholds 407
Local Switching 408
Dedicated and Shared Rate Modes 408
Slow Drain Device Detection and Congestion Avoidance 409
Management Interfaces 410
VSAN Interfaces 410
Verify Initiator and Target Fabric Login 413
VSAN Configuration 413
Port VSAN Membership 414
Verify Fibre Channel Zoning on a Cisco MDS 9000 Series Switch 421
About Smart Zoning 423
About LUN Zoning and Assigning LUNs to Storage Subsystems 423
About Enhanced Zoning 424
VSAN Trunking and Setting Up ISL Port 432
Trunk Modes 433
Port Channel Modes 434
Reference List 442
Exam Preparation Tasks 443
Review All Key Topics 443
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 444
Define Key Terms 444
Part II Review 446
Part III Data Center Unified Fabric 451
Chapter 10 Unified Fabric Overview 453
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 453
Foundation Topics 456
Challenges of Today’s Data Center Networks 456
Cisco Unified Fabric Principles 458
Convergence of Network and Storage 458
Scalability and Growth 463
Security and Intelligence 469
Inter-Data Center Unified Fabric 474
Fibre Channel over IP 475
Overlay Transport Virtualization 477
Locator ID Separation Protocol 481
Reference List 484
Exam Preparation Tasks 485
Review All Key Topics 485
Define Key Terms 485
Chapter 11 Data Center Bridging and FCoE 487
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 487
Foundation Topics 490
Data Center Bridging 490
Priority Flow Control 490
Enhanced Transmission Selection 491
Data Center Bridging Exchange 492
Quantized Congestion Notification 492
Fibre Channel Over Ethernet 494
FCoE Logical Endpoint 495
FCoE Port Types 495
FCoE ENodes 496
Fibre Channel Forwarder 497
FCoE Encapsulation 498
FCoE Initialization Protocol 500
Converged Network Adapter 501
FCoE Speed 502
FCoE Cabling Options for the Cisco Nexus 5000 Series Switches 503
Optical Cabling 503
Transceiver Modules 505
SFP Transceiver Modules 505
SFP+ Transceiver Modules 506
QSFP Transceiver Modules 507
Unsupported Transceiver Modules 511
Delivering FCoE Using Cisco Fabric Extender Architecture 511
FCoE and Cisco Nexus 2000 Series Fabric Extenders 513
FCoE and Straight-Through Fabric Extender Attachment Topology 514
FCoE and vPC Fabric Extender Attachment Topology 518
FCoE and Server Fabric Extenders 522
Adapter-FEX 522
Virtual Ethernet Interfaces 523
FCoE and Virtual Fibre Channel Interfaces 525
Virtual Interface Redundancy 526
FCoE and Cascading Fabric Extender Topologies 528
Adapter-FEX and FCoE Fabric Extenders in vPC Topology 528
Adapter-FEX and FCoE Fabric Extenders in Straight-Through Topology with vPC 530
Adapter-FEX and FCoE Fabric Extenders in Straight-Through Topology 531
Reference List 532
Exam Preparation Tasks 533
Review All Key Topics 533
Define Key Terms 533
Chapter 12 Multihop Unified Fabric 535
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 535
Foundation Topics 538
First Hop Access Layer Consolidation 538
Aggregation Layer FCoE Multihop 540
FIP Snooping 540
FCoE-NPV 542
Full Fibre Channel Switching 544
Dedicated Wire Versus Unified Wire 546
Cisco FabricPath FCoE Multihop 547
Dynamic FCoE FabricPath Topology 548
Dynamic FCoE Virtual Links 549
Dynamic Virtual Fibre Channel Interfaces 550
Redundancy and High Availability 551
Reference List 553
Exam Preparation Tasks 554
Review All Key Topics 554
Define Key Terms 554
Part III Review 556
Part IV Cisco Unified Computing 561
Chapter 13 Cisco Unified Computing System Architecture 563
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 564
Foundation Topics 568
Evolution of Server Computing in a Nutshell 568
What Is a Socket? 569
What Is a Core? 569
What Is Hyperthreading? 570
Understanding Server Processor Numbering 570
Value of Cisco UCS in the Data Center 571
One Unified System 572
Unified Fabric 573
Unified Management and Operations 573
Cisco UCS Stateless Computing 574
Intelligent Automation, Cloud-Ready Infrastructure 575
Describing the Cisco UCS Product Family 576
Cisco UCS Computer Hardware Naming 577
Cisco UCS Fabric Interconnects 578
What Is a Unified Port? 580
Cisco UCS Fabric Interconnect–Expansion Modules 580
Cisco UCS 5108 Blade Server Chassis 580
Cisco UCS 5108 Blade Server Chassis–Power Supply and Redundancy Modes 581
Cisco UCS I/O Modules (FEX) 582
Cisco UCS B-series Blade Servers 583
Cisco UCS B-series Best Practices for Populating DRAM 585
Cisco Adapters (Mezzanine Cards) for UCS B-series Blade Servers 586
Cisco Converged Network Adapters (CNA) 587
Cisco Virtual Interface Cards 587
Cisco UCS Port Expander for VIC 1240 588
What Is Cisco Adapter FEX? 589
What Is Cisco Virtual Machine-Fabric Extender (VM-FEX)? 589
Cisco UCS Storage Accelerator Adapters 589
Cisco UCS C-series Rackmount Servers 590
Cisco UCS C-series Best Practices for Populating DRAM 592
Cisco Adapters for UCS C-series Rackmount Servers 593
Cisco UCS C-series RAID Adapter Options 593
Cisco UCS C-series Virtual Interface Cards and OEM CNA Adapters 596
What Is SR-IOV (Single Root-IO Virtualization)? 597
Cisco UCS C-series Network Interface Card 598
Cisco UCS C-series Host Bus Adapter 599
What Is N_Port ID Virtualization (NPIV)? 600
Cisco UCS Storage Accelerator Adapters 601
Cisco UCS E-series Servers 602
Cisco UCS “All-in-One” 603
Cisco UCS Invicta Series–Solid State Storage Systems 603
Cisco UCS Software 604
Cisco UCS Manager 604
Cisco UCS Central 605
Cisco UCS Director 605
Cisco UCS Platform Emulator 605
Cisco goUCS Automation Tool 605
Cisco UCS Connectivity Architecture 606
Cisco UCS 5108 Chassis to Fabric Interconnect Physical Connectivity 606
Cisco UCS C-series Rackmount Server Physical Connectivity 607
Cisco UCS 6200 Fabric Interconnect to LAN, SAN Connectivity 609
Ethernet Switching Mode 609
Fibre Channel Switching Mode 610
Cisco UCS I/O Module and Fabric Interconnect Connectivity 611
Cisco UCS I/O Module Architecture 613
Fabric and Adapter Port Channel Architecture 614
Cisco Integrated Management Controller Architecture 615
Reference List 616
Exam Preparation Tasks 617
Review All Key Topics 617
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 618
Define Key Terms 618
Chapter 14 Cisco Unified Computing System Manager 621
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 622
Foundation Topics 625
Cabling a Cisco UCS Fabric Interconnect HA Cluster 625
Cisco UCS Fabric Interconnect HA Architecture 625
Cisco UCS Fabric Interconnect Cluster Connectivity 626
Initial Setup Script for Primary Fabric Interconnect 627
Initial Setup Script for Subordinate Secondary Fabric Interconnect 628
Verify Cisco UCS Fabric Interconnect Cluster Setup 629
Changing Cluster Addressing via Command-Line Interface 631
Command Modes 631
Changing Cluster IP Addresses via Command-Line Interface 631
Changing Static IP Addresses via Command-Line Interface 632
Cisco UCS Manager Operations 633
Cisco UCS Manager Functions 633
Cisco UCS Manager GUI Layout 636
Cisco UCS Manager: Navigation Pane–Tabs 638
Equipment Tab 638
Servers Tab 639
LAN Tab 640
SAN Tab 641
VM Tab 642
Admin Tab 643
Device Discovery in Cisco UCS Manager 644
Basic Port Personalities in the Cisco UCS Fabric Interconnect 644
Verifying Device Discovery in Cisco UCS Manager 647
Reference List 650
Exam Preparation Tasks 651
Review All Key Topics 651
Define Key Terms 651
Chapter 15 Cisco Unified Computing System Pools, Policies, Templates, and Service Profiles 653
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 653
Foundation Topics 657
Cisco UCS Service Profiles 657
Cisco UCS Hardware Abstraction and Stateless Computing 657
Contents of a Cisco UCS Service Profile 659
Other Benefits of Cisco UCS Service Profiles 661
Ease of Incremental Deployments 661
Plan and Preconfigure Cisco UCS Solutions 661
Ease of Server Replacement 662
Right-Sized Server Deployments 662
Cisco UCS Templates 662
Organizational Awareness with Service Profile Templates 663
Cisco UCS Service Profile Templates 664
Cisco UCS vNIC Templates 665
Cisco UCS vHBA Templates 666
Cisco UCS Logical Resource Pools 667
UUID Identity Pools 668
MAC Address Identity Pools 669
WWN Address Identity Pools 670
WWNN Pools 670
WWPN Pools 671
Cisco UCS Physical Resource Pools 671
Server Pools 671
Cisco UCS Server Qualification and Pool Policies 672
Server Auto-Configuration Policies 673
Creation of Policies for Cisco UCS Service Profiles and Service Profile Templates 674
Commonly Used Policies Explained 674
Equipment Tab–Global Policies 674
BIOS Policy 675
Boot Policy 676
Local Disk Configuration Policy 676
Maintenance Policy 677
Scrub Policy 678
Host Firmware Packages 678
Adapter Policy 679
Cisco UCS Chassis and Blade Power Capping 680
What Is Power Capping? 680
Cisco UCS Power Capping Strategies 680
Static Power Capping (Explicit Blade Power Cap) 680
Dynamic Power Capping (Implicit Chassis Power Cap) 681
Power Cap Groups (Explicit Group) 681
Utilizing Cisco UCS Service Profile Templates 682
Creating Cisco UCS Service Profile Templates 682
Modifying a Cisco UCS Service Profile Template 683
Utilizing Cisco UCS Service Profile Templates for Different Workloads 684
Creating Service Profiles from Templates 685
Reference List 686
Exam Preparation Tasks 687
Review All Key Topics 687
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 688
Define Key Terms 688
Chapter 16 Administration, Management, and Monitoring of Cisco Unified Computing System 691
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 691
Foundation Topics 695
Cisco UCS Administration 695
Organization and Locales 695
Role-Based Access Control 697
Authentication Methods 698
LDAP Providers 698
LDAP Provider Groups 699
Domain, Realm, and Default Authentication Settings 700
Communication Management 701
UCS Firmware, Backup, and License Management 701
Firmware Terminology 702
Firmware Definitions 702
Firmware Update Guidelines 703
Host Firmware Packages 704
Cross-Version Firmware Support 704
Firmware Auto Install 704
UCS Backups 706
Backup Automation 706
License Management 707
Cisco UCS Management 708
Operational Planes 708
In-Band Versus Out-of-Band Management 709
Remote Accessibility 710
Direct KVM Access 710
Advanced UCS Management 711
Cisco UCS Manager XML API 711
goUCS Automation Toolkit 712
Using the Python SDK 714
Multi-UCS Management 716
Cisco UCS Monitoring 716
Cisco UCS System Logs 716
Fault, Event, and Audit Logs (Syslogs) 716
System Event Logs 719
UCS SNMP 720
UCS Fault Suppression 721
Collection and Threshold Policies 722
Call Home and Smart Call Home 725
Reference List 728
Exam Preparation Tasks 729
Review All Key Topics 729
Define Key Terms 729
Part IV Review 730
Part V Data Center Server Virtualization 735
Chapter 17 Server Virtualization Solutions 737
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 737
Foundation Topics 740
Brief History of Server Virtualization 740
Server Virtualization Components 741
Hypervisor 741
Virtual Machines 742
Virtual Switching 743
Management Tools 743
Types of Server Virtualization 744
Full Virtualization 745
Paravirtualization 745
Operating System Virtualization 746
Server Virtualization Benefits and Challenges 747
Server Virtualization Benefits 748
Server Virtualization Challenges 749
Reference List 753
Exam Preparation Tasks 754
Review All Key Topics 754
Define Key Terms 754
Chapter 18 Cisco Nexus 1000V and Virtual Switching 757
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 758
Foundation Topics 761
Evolution of Virtual Switching 761
Before Server Virtualization 761
Server Virtualization with Static VMware vSwitch 763
Virtual Network Components 764
Virtual Access Layer 766
Standard VMware vSwitch Overview 766
Standard VMware vSwitch Operations 767
Standard VMware vSwitch Configuration 769
VMware vDS Overview 770
VMware vDS Configuration 772
VMware vDS Enhancements 773
VMware vSwitch and vDS 774
Cisco Nexus 1000V Virtual Networking Solution 775
Cisco Nexus 1000V System Overview 776
Cisco Nexus 1000V Salient Features and Benefits 777
Cisco Nexus 1000V Series Virtual Switch Architecture 780
Cisco Nexus 1000V Virtual Supervisory Module 780
Cisco Nexus 1000V Virtual Ethernet Module 781
Cisco Nexus 1000V Component Communication 782
Cisco Nexus 1000V Management Communication 782
Cisco Nexus 1000V Port Profiles 783
Types of Port Profiles in Cisco Nexus 1000V 784
Cisco Nexus 1000V Administrator View and Roles 784
Cisco Nexus 1000V Verifying Initial Configuration 786
Cisco Nexus 1000V VSM Installation Methods 786
Initial VSM Configuration Verification 787
Verifying VMware vCenter Connectivity 788
Verify Nexus 1000V Module Status 789
Cisco Nexus 1000V VEM Installation Methods 790
Initial VEM Status on ESX or ESXi Host 790
Verifying VSM Connectivity from vCenter Server 790
Verifying VEM Agent Running 791
Verifying VEM Uplink Interface Status 791
Verifying VEM Parameters with VSM Configuration 792
Validating VM Port Groups and Port Profiles 793
Verifying Port Profile and Groups 794
Key New Technologies Integrated with Cisco Nexus 1000V 795
What Is the Difference Between VN-Link and VN-Tag? 795
What Is VXLAN? 795
What Is vPath Technology? 796
Reference List 797
Exam Preparation Tasks 798
Review All Key Topics 798
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 798
Define Key Terms 799
Part V Review 800
Part VI Data Center Network Services 805
Chapter 19 Cisco ACE and GSS 807
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 807
Foundation Topics 810
Server Load-Balancing Concepts 810
What Is Server Load Balancing? 810
Benefits of Server Load Balancing 811
Methods of Server Load Balancing 812
ACE Family Products 813
ACE Module 814
Control Plane 816
Data Plane 817
ACE 4710 Appliances 818
Global Site Selector 819
Understanding the Load-Balancing Solution Using ACE 821
Layer 3 and Layer 4 Load Balancing 822
Layer 7 Load Balancing 823
TCP Server Reuse 824
Real Server 825
Server Farm 825
Server Health Monitoring 826
In-band Health Monitoring: 826
Out-of-band Health Monitoring (Probes) 826
Load-Balancing Algorithms (Predictor) 827
Stickiness 828
Sticky Groups 829
Sticky Methods 829
Sticky Table 829
Traffic Policies for Server Load Balancing 830
Class Maps 830
Policy Map 830
Configuration Steps 831
ACE Deployment Modes 831
Bridge Mode 832
Routed Mode 832
One-Arm Mode 833
ACE Virtualization 835
Contexts 835
Domains 836
Role-Based Access Control 836
Resource Classes 836
ACE High Availability 837
Management of ACE 839
Remote Management 839
Simple Network Management Protocol 839
XML Interface 839
ACE Device Manager 839
ANM 840
Global Load Balancing Using GSS and ACE 840
Exam Preparation Tasks 844
Review All Key Topics 844
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 844
Define Key Terms 844
Chapter 20 Cisco WAAS and Application Acceleration 847
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 847
Foundation Topics 850
Wide-Area Network Optimization 850
Characteristics of Wide-Area Networks 851
Latency 851
Bandwidth 853
Packet Loss 853
Poor Link Utilization 854
What Is WAAS? 854
WAAS Product Family 855
WAVE Appliances 855
Router-Integrated Form Factors 856
Virtual Appliances (vWAAS) 857
WAAS Express (WAASx) 857
WAAS Mobile 858
WAAS Central Manager 858
WAAS Architecture 859
WAAS Solution Overview 860
Key Features and Benefits of Cisco WAAS 862
Cisco WAAS WAN Optimization Techniques 866
Transport Flow Optimization 866
TCP Window Scaling 867
TCP Initial Window Size Maximization 867
Increased Buffering 867
Selective Acknowledgement 867
Binary Increase Congestion TCP 868
Compression 868
Data Redundancy Elimination 868
LZ Compression 868
Application-Specific Acceleration 869
Virtualization 870
Exam Preparation Tasks 871
Review All Key Topics 871
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 871
Define Key Terms 871
Part VI Review 872
Part VII Final Preparation 877
Chapter 21 Final Review 879
Advice About the Exam Event 879
Learn the Question Types Using the Cisco Certification Exam Tutorial 879
Think About Your Time Budget Versus the Number of Questions 880
A Suggested Time-Check Method 881
Miscellaneous Pre-Exam Suggestions 881
Exam-Day Advice 882
Exam Review 882
Take Practice Exams 883
Practicing Taking the DCICT Exam 884
Advice on How to Answer Exam Questions 884
Taking Other Practice Exams 885
Find Knowledge Gaps Through Question Review 886
Practice Hands-On CLI Skills 889
Other Study Tasks 889
Final Thoughts 889
Part VIII Appendices 891
Appendix A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Questions 893
Glossary 913
On the CD:
Appendix B Memory Tables
Appendix C Memory Tables Answer Key
Appendix D Study Planner
9781587144226 TOC 1/29/2015
CCNA Data Center DCICN 640-911 Official Cert Guide
Wendell Odom, CCIE No. 1624, has a long history of writing
networking books. He is the author of all the previous books in the
Cisco Press CCNA Official Certification Guide series, in addition
to earlier editions of CCNP certification guides (ROUTE and QoS)
and many earlier editions of the CCIE Routing and Switch Official
Certification Guide. He has written textbooks and produced
networking videos. He also contributes to the design and to labs
with the popular CCNA 200-120 Network Simulator from Pearson. His
30+ year career includes stints at IBM and Cisco and jobs ranging
from network engineering, consulting, presale engineering, and
teaching. You can find Wendell’s books and blogs at
www.certskills.com, and find him on Twitter (@WendellOdom).
Chad Hintz, CCIE No. 15729, is a technical solutions
architect for the Cisco Commercial East Area focusing on designing
enterprise solutions for customers around the Cisco data center
technologies. He also holds three CCIEs: Routing and Switching,
Security, and Storage. He has more than 10 years of experience in
the industry and has held certifications from Novell, VMware, and
Cisco. His focus is working with enterprise/commercial customers to
address their challenges with comprehensive end-to-end data center
architectures. Chad has been with Cisco for eight years, and
working as a solution architect has provided unique experiences in
building these types of solutions. Chad is a regular speaker at
Cisco Live and industry conferences on data center technologies.
Chad lives near Buffalo, New York, with his wife and two wonderful
children and enjoys golfing in his spare time.
CCNA Data Center DCICT 640-916 Official Cert Guide
Navaid Shamsee, CCIE No.12625, is a senior solutions architect in the Cisco Services organization. He holds a master’s degree in telecommunication and a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering. He also holds a triple CCIE in routing and switching, service provider, and data center technologies. Navaid has extensive experience in designing and implementing many large-scale enterprise and service provider data centers. In Cisco, Navaid is focused on security of data center, cloud, and software-defined networking technologies. You can reach Navaid on Twitter: @NavaidShamsee.
David Klebanov, CCIE No.13791 (Routing and Switching) is a technical solutions architect with Cisco Systems. David has more than 15 years of diverse industry experience architecting and deploying complex network environments. In his work, David influences strategic development of the industry-leading data center switching platforms, which lay the foundation for the next generation of data center fabrics. David also takes great pride in speaking at industry events, releasing publications, and working on patents. You can reach David on Twitter: @DavidKlebanov.
Hesham Fayed, CCIE No.9303 (Routing and Switching/Data Center), is a consulting systems engineer for data center and virtualization based in California. Hesham has been with Cisco for more than 9 years and has 18 years of experience in the computer industry, working with service providers and large enterprises. His main focus is working with customers in the western region of the United States to address their challenges by doing end-to-end data center architectures.
Ahmed Afrose is a solutions architect with the Cisco Cloud and IT Transformation (CITT) services organization. He is responsible for providing architectural design guidance and leading complex multitech service deliveries. Furthermore, he is involved in demonstrating the Cisco value propositions in cloud software, application automation, software-defined data centers, and Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS). He is experienced in server operating systems and virtualization technologies and holds various certifications. Ahmed has a bachelor’s degree in Information Systems. He started his career with Sun Microsystem-based technologies and has 15 years of diverse experience in the industry. He was also directly responsible for setting up Cisco UCS Advanced Services delivery capabilities while evangelizing the product in the region.
Ozden Karakok, CCIE No. 6331, is a technical leader from the data center products and technologies team in the Technical Assistant Center (TAC). Ozden has been with Cisco Systems for 15 years and specializes in storage area and data center networks. Prior to joining Cisco, Ozden spent five years working for a number of Cisco’s large customers in various telecommunication roles. Ozden is a Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert in routing and switching, SNA/IP, and storage. She holds VCP and ITIL certifications and is a frequent speaker at Cisco and data center events. She holds a degree in computer engineering from Istanbul Bogazici University. Currently, she works on Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) and enjoys being a mother of two wonderful kids.
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