I>
Introduction xxvii
Part I: Networking Fundamentals 3
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computer Networking 5
Perspectives on Networking 5
Chapter 2 The TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models 17
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 17
Foundation Topics 21
TCP/IP Networking Model 21
OSI Networking Model 37Exam Preparation Tasks 43
Chapter 3 Fundamentals of LANs 47
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 47
Foundation Topics 51
An Overview of Modern Ethernet LANs 51
A Brief History of Ethernet 54
Ethernet UTP Cabling 58
Improving Performance by Using Switches Instead of Hubs 64
Ethernet Data-Link Protocols 69
Exam Preparation Tasks 75Review All the Key Topics 75
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 75
Definitions of Key Terms 75
Chapter 4 Fundamentals of WANs 77
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 77
Foundation Topics 80
OSI Layer 1 for Point-to-Point WANs 80
OSI Layer 2 for Point-to-Point WANs 89
Frame Relay and Packet-Switching Services 9
Exam Preparation Tasks 97
Review All the Key Topics 97
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 97
Definitions of Key Terms 97
Chapter 5 Fundamentals of IPv4 Addressing and Routing 99
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 99
Foundation Topics 104
Overview of Network Layer Functions 104
IP Addressing 111
IP Routing 120
Network Layer Utilities 127
Exam Preparation Tasks 132
Review All the Key Topics 132
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 133
Definitions of Key Terms 133
Chapter 6 Fundamentals of TCP/IP Transport, Applications, and Security 135
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 135
Foundation Topics 139
TCP/IP Layer 4 Protocols: TCP and UDP 139
TCP/IP Applications 152Network Security 159
Exam Preparation Tasks 169
Review All the Key Topics 169
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 169
Definitions of Key Terms 169
Part II: LAN Switching 171
Chapter 7 Ethernet LAN Switching Concepts 173
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 173
Foundation Topics 177
LAN Switching Concepts 177
LAN Design Considerations 189
Exam Preparation Tasks 200
Review All the Key Topics 200
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 200
Definitions of Key Terms 201
Chapter 8 Operating Cisco LAN Switches 203
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 203
Foundation Topics 206
Accessing the Cisco Catalyst 2960 Switch CLI 206
Configuring Cisco IOS Software 220
Exam Preparation Tasks 232
Review All the Key Topics 232
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 232
Definitions of Key Terms 232
Command References 232
Chapter 9 Ethernet Switch Configuration 237
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 237
Foundation Topics 241
Configuration of Features in Common with Routers 241
LAN Switch Configuration and Operation 254
Exam Preparation Tasks 267
Review All the Key Topics 267
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 267
Definitions of Key Terms 268
Command References 268
Chapter 10 Ethernet Switch Troubleshooting 273
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 273
Foundation Topics 277
Perspectives on Network Verification and Troubleshooting 277
Verifying the Network Topology with Cisco Discovery Protocol 283
Analyzing Layer 1 and 2 Interface Status 288
Analyzing the Layer 2 Forwarding Path with the MAC Address Table 295
Exam Preparation Tasks 301
Review All the Key Topics 301
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 301
Definitions of Key Terms 301
Command References 301
Chapter 11 Wireless LANs 305
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 305
Foundation Topics 308
Wireless LAN Concepts 308
Deploying WLANs 321
Wireless LAN Security 326
Exam Preparation Tasks 333
Review All the Key Topics 333
Part III: IPv4 Addressing and Subnetting 335
Chapter 12 Perspectives on IPv4 Subnetting 337
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 337
Foundation Topics 340
Introduction to Subnetting 340
Make Design Choices 349
Plan the Implementation 360
Exam Preparation Tasks 364
Review All the Key Topics 364
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 364
Definitions of Key Terms 364
Chapter 13 Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks 367
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 367
Foundation Topics 369
Classful Network Concepts 369
Practice with Classful Networks 376
Exam Preparation Tasks 379
Review All the Key Topics 379
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 379
Definitions of Key Terms 379
Practice 379
Chapter 14 Converting Subnet Masks 383
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 383
Foundation Topics 366
Subnet Mask Conversion 386
Practice Converting Subnet Masks 391
Exam Preparation Tasks 393
Review All the Key Topics 393
Definitions of Key Terms 393
Practice 393
Chapter 15 Analyzing Existing Subnet Masks 397
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 397
Foundation Topics 400
Defining the Format of IPv4 Addresses 400
Calculations Based on the IPv4 Address Format 403
Practice Analyzing Subnet Masks 405
Exam Preparation Tasks 408
Review All the Key Topics 408
Definitions of Key Terms 408
Practice 408
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 408
Chapter 16 Designing Subnet Masks 411
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 411
Foundation Topics 414
Choosing the Mask(s) to Meet Requirements 414
Practice Choosing Subnet Masks 422
Exam Preparation Tasks 424
Review All the Key Topics 424
Definitions of Key Terms 424
Practice 424
Chapter 17 Analyzing Existing Subnets 427
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 427
Foundation Topics 430
Defining a Subnet 430
Analyzing Existing Subnets: Binary 434
Analyzing Existing Subnets: Decimal 442
Practice Analyzing Existing Subnets 451
Exam Preparation Tasks 453
Review All the Key Topics 453
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 453
Definitions of Key Terms 453
Practice 454
Chapter 18 Finding All Subnet IDs 459
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 459
Foundation Topics 462
Finding All Subnet IDs 462
A Formal Process with Less Than 8 Subnet Bits 464
Practice Finding All Subnet IDs 472
Exam Preparation Tasks 474
Review All the Key Topics 474
Definitions of Key Terms 474
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 474
Part IV: IPv4 Routing 479
Chapter 19 Operating Cisco Routers 481
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 481
Foundation Topics 485
Installing Cisco Routers 485
Cisco Router IOS CLI 491
Upgrading Cisco IOS Software and the Cisco IOS Software Boot Process 502
Exam Preparation Tasks 513
Review All the Key Topics 513
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 513
Definitions of Key Terms 514
Read Appendix J Scenario 2 514
Command References 514
Chapter 20 Routing Protocol Concepts and Configuration 517
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 517
Foundation Topics 521
Connected and Static Routes 521
Connected Routes 521
RIP-2 Basic Concepts 531
Configuring and Verifying RIP-2 538
Exam Preparation Tasks 549
Review All the Key Topics 549
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 549
Definitions of Key Terms 550
Command References 550
Chapter 21 Troubleshooting IP Routing 553
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 553
Foundation Topics 557
IP Troubleshooting Tips and Tools 557
A Routing Troubleshooting Scenario 573
Exam Preparation Tasks 587
Review All the Key Topics 587
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 588
Command Reference 588
Part V: Wide-Area Networks 591
Chapter 22 WAN Concepts 593
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 593
Foundation Topics 596
WAN Technologies 596
IP Services for Internet Access 610
Exam Preparation Tasks 618
Review All the Key Topics 618
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 618
Definitions of Key Terms 619
Chapter 23 WAN Configuration 621
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 621
Foundation Topics 624
Configuring Point-to-Point WANs 624
Configuring and Troubleshooting Internet Access Routers 628
Exam Preparation Tasks 642
Review All the Key Topics 642
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 642
Definitions of Key Terms 642
Command References 642
Part VI: Final Preparation 645
Chapter 24 Final Preparation 647
Tools for Final Preparation 647
Study Plan 651
Summary 655
Part VII: Appendixes 657
Appendix A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes 659
Appendix B Numeric Reference Tables 681
Appendix C ICND1 Exam Updates: Version 1.0 689
Glossary 693
Part VIII: DVD-Only
Appendix D Practice for Chapter 13: Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks
Appendix E Practice for Chapter 14: Converting Subnet Masks
Appendix F Practice for Chapter 15: Analyzing Existing Subnet Masks
Appendix G Practice for Chapter 16: Designing Subnet Masks
Appendix H Practice for Chapter 17: Analyzing Existing Subnets
Appendix I Practice for Chapter 18: Finding All Subnet IDs
Appendix J Additional Scenarios
Appendix K Subnetting Video Reference
Appendix L Memory Tables
Appendix M Memory Tables Answer Key
Appendix N ICND1 Open-Ended Questions
ICND2:
Introduction xxv
Part I: LAN Switching 3
Chapter 1 Virtual LANs 5
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 5
Foundation Topics 9
Virtual LAN Concepts 10
VLAN and VLAN Trunking Configuration and Verification 23
VTP Configuration and Verification 38
Exam Preparation Tasks 53
Review All the Key Topics 53
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 54
Definitions of Key Terms 54
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 54
Chapter 2 Spanning Tree Protocol 57
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 57
Foundation Topics 61
Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1d) 61
Rapid STP (IEEE 802.1w) 78
RSTP Link and Edge Types 79
STP Configuration and Verification 86
STP Troubleshooting 98
Exam Preparation Tasks 105
Review All the Key Topics 105
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 106
Definitions of Key Terms 106
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 106
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting LAN Switching 109
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 109
Foundation Topics 110
Generalized Troubleshooting Methodologies 110
Troubleshooting the LAN Switching Data Plane 117
Predicting Normal Operation of the LAN Switching Data Plane 147
Exam Preparation Tasks 155
Review All the Key Topics 155
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 155
Part II: IP Routing 157
Chapter 4 IP Routing: Static and Connected Routes 159
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 159
Foundation Topics 162
IP Routing and Addressing 162
Routes to Directly Connected Subnets 175
Static Routes 180
Exam Preparation Tasks 194
Review All the Key Topics 194
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 194
Definitions of Key Terms 195
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 195
Chapter 5 Variable Length Subnet Masks 199
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 199
Foundation Topics 202
VLSM Concepts and Configuration 202
Finding VLSM Overlaps 205
Adding a New Subnet to an Existing VLSM Design 208
Designing a Subnetting Plan Using VLSM 211
Exam Preparation Tasks 219
Review All the Key Topics 219
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 219
Definitions of Key Terms 219
Read Appendix G Scenarios 220
Appendix D Practice Problems 220
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 220
Chapter 6 Route Summarization 227
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 228
Foundation Topics 230
Manual Route Summarization 230
Review All the Key Topics 245
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 245
Definitions of Key Terms 245
Read Appendix G Scenarios 245
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 246
Answers to Practice Problems 246
Chapter 7 Basic IP Access Control Lists 251
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 251
Foundation Topics 254
IP Access Control List Basics 254
Standard Numbered IPv4 ACLs 257
Practice Applying Standard IP ACLs 268
Exam Preparation Tasks 271
Review All the Key Topics 271
Read the Appendix G Scenarios 271
Definitions of Key Terms 271
Appendix F Practice Problems 272
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 272
Chapter 8 Advanced IP Access Control Lists 275
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 276
Foundation Topics 278
Extended Numbered IP Access Control Lists 278
Named ACLs and ACL Editing 288
Miscellaneous ACL Topics 294
Exam Preparation Tasks 301
Review All the Key Topics 301
Read the Appendix G Scenarios 301
Definitions of Key Terms 302
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 302
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 303
Chapter 9 Troubleshooting IP Routing 305
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 305
Foundation Topics 306
The ping and traceroute Commands 306
Troubleshooting the Packet Forwarding Process 314
Troubleshooting Tools and Tips 324
Exam Preparation Tasks 337
Review All the Key Topics 337
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 337
Definitions of Key Terms 337
Part III: Routing Protocols 339
Chapter 10 Routing Protocol Theory 341
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 341
Foundation Topics 345
Dynamic Routing Protocol Overview 345
Distance Vector Routing Protocol Features 354
Link-State Routing Protocol Features 369
Exam Preparation Tasks 375
Review All the Key Topics 375
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 376
Definitions of Key Terms 376
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 376
Chapter 11 OSPF 379
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 379
Foundation Topics 383
OSPF Protocols and Operation 383
OSPF Configuration 397
Exam Preparation Tasks 409
Review All the Key Topics 409
Definitions of Key Terms 410
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 410
Chapter 12 EIGRP 413
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 413
Foundation Topics 416
EIGRP Concepts and Operation 416
EIGRP Configuration and Verification 425
Exam Preparation Tasks 439
Review All the Key Topics 439
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 439
Definitions of Key Terms 440
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 440
Chapter 13 Troubleshooting Routing Protocols 443
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 443
Foundation Topics 444
Neighbor Relationships 454
Exam Preparation Tasks 464
Review All the Key Topics 464
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 464
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 464
Part IV: Wide-Area Networks 467
Chapter 14 Point-to-Point WANs 469
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 469
Foundation Topics 472
PPP Concepts 472
PPP Configuration 478
Troubleshooting Serial Links 480
Exam Preparation Tasks 489
Review All the Key Topics 489
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 489
Definitions of Key Terms 489
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 490
Chapter 15 Frame Relay Concepts 493
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 493
Foundation Topics 497
Frame Relay Overview 497
Frame Relay Addressing 505
Network Layer Concerns with Frame Relay 511
Controlling Speed and Discards in the Frame Relay Cloud 516
Exam Preparation Tasks 519
Review All the Key Topics 519
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 519
Definitions of Key Terms 520
Chapter 16 Frame Relay Configuration 523
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 523
Foundation Topics 527
Frame Relay Configuration and Verification 527
Frame Relay Troubleshooting 547
Exam Preparation Tasks 560
Review All the Key Topics 560
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 560
Read the Appendix G Scenarios 560
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 561
Chapter 17 Virtual Private Networks 565
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 565
Foundation Topics 568
VPN Fundamentals 568
IPsec VPNs 571
SSL VPNs 578
Exam Preparation Tasks 580
Review All the Key Topics 580
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 580
Definitions of Key Terms 580
Part V: Scaling the IP Address Space 583
Chapter 18 Network Address Translation 585
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 585
Foundation Topics 589
Perspectives on IPv4 Address Scalability 589
Network Address Translation Concepts 593
NAT Configuration and Troubleshooting 602
Exam Preparation Tasks 613
Review All the Key Topics 613
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 613
Definitions of Key Terms 614
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 614
Chapter 19 IP Version 6 617
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 617
Foundation Topics 620
Global Unicast Addressing, Routing, and Subnetting 621
IPv6 Protocols and Addressing 633
Configuring IPv6 Routing and Routing Protocols 644
IPv6 Transition Options 649
Exam Preparation Tasks 653
Review All the Key Topics 653
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 654
Definitions of Key Terms 654
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 654
Part VI: Final Preparation 657
Chapter 20 Final Preparation 659
Tools for Final Preparation 659
Study Plan 663
Summary 667
Part VII: Part VII: Appendices 669
Appendix A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes 671
Appendix B Numeric Reference Tables 684
Appendix C ICND2 Exam Updates: Version 1.0 692
Glossary 696
Part VIII: DVD-Only
Appendix D Practice for Chapter 5: Variable Length Subnet Masks
Appendix E Practice for Chapter 6: Route Summarization
Appendix F Practice for Chapter 7: Basic IP Access Control Lists
Appendix G Additional Scenarios
Appendix H Video Scenario Reference
Appendix I ICND1 Chapter 23: WAN Configuration
Appendix J Memory Tables
Appendix K Memory Tables Answer Key
Appendix L ICND2 Open-Ended Questions
CCNA 640-802 Network Simulator, Second Edition
ICND1
Skill Builders
Switch CLI Exec Mode
Switch CLI Configuration Process
(2 Labs)
Router CLI Exec Mode (2 Labs)
Router CLI Configuration Process
Setting Switch Passwords
Configuring Switch IP Settings
Setting Router Passwords
Configuring Router IP Settings
Configuring Local Usernames
Using and Suspending Telnet
Connections
Configuring SSH
Migrating to a New IOS® Image
Setting the Configuration Register
Comparing Configuration Files
Examining the IP Routing Table
Using debug
Testing Using Pings with Hostnames
Ignoring the Startup-config File
Booting a New Router IOS
Terminal History I
Terminal History II
Topology Analysis
Interface Settings (3 Labs)
Switch Forwarding I
Switch IP Connectivity I
VLANs (3 Labs)
Interface Status (4 Labs)
Switch Security (4 Labs)
Configuring IP Addresses (4 Labs)
Connected Routes
Static Routes (4 Labs)
Default Routes
IP Classless
Subnet Zero (2 Labs)
Loopback Interfaces
RIP Configuration (6 Labs)
RIP Verification (2 Labs)
Configuring Hostnames
PC IP Commands (3 Labs)
Serial Link Configuration (4 Labs)
Interface Status (2 Labs)
Configuration Scenarios
The Initial Configuration Dialogue (Setup)
New Job I
Rebuild a Configuration
SSH and Telnet
Switch Interfaces and Forwarding
Switch IP Connectivity
Switch Security
Configuring VLANs
Subnetting and Addressing (3 Labs)
Static Routing (2 Labs)
RIP-2 Configuration (2 Labs)
RIP Auto-summary
Serial Link Configuration I
IP and MAC Address Comparisons
IP Classless
Troubleshooting Scenarios
Switch Forwarding I
Path Analysis I
Port Security
Network Discovery (2 Labs)
IP Addressing and Routing
IP Routing I
Subnetting Exercises
Subnet ID Calculation (11 labs)
IP Address Rejection (11 labs)
IP Route Selection (10 labs)
ICND2
Skill Builders
VLAN Configuration (5 Labs)
VTP Configuration (5 Labs)
Trunking Configuration (4 Labs)
STP Analysis (2 Labs)
STP Configuration (3 Labs)
EtherChannel
IP Addressing (3 Labs)
Traceroute I
Default Route I
Zero Subnet
Switch IP Address
ACL (6 Labs)
Named ACL (3 Labs)
ACL Analysis I
Auto-summary
Routing Analysis I
Traceroute II
EIGRP Serial Configuration (6 Labs)
EIGRP Frame Relay Configuration
(3 Labs)
EIGRP Authentication (2 Labs)
EIGRP Route Tuning (4 Labs)
EIGRP Neighbors (3 Labs)
OSPF Serial Configuration (6 Labs)
OSPF Router ID (2 Labs)
OSPF Frame Relay Configuration (3 Labs)
OSPF Authentication (2 Labs)
OSPF Metric Tuning (3 Labs)
OSPF Neighbors (5 Labs)
Serial Configuration (2 Labs)
Serial Authentication (2 Labs)
Frame Relay Configuration (5 Labs)
Frame Relay Verification (3 Labs)
NAT Configuration (7 Labs)
IPv6 Address Configuration (9 Labs)
IPv6 Routing Configuration (3 Labs)
IPv6 Hostnames
Configuration Scenarios
VTP I
VTP Transparent Mode
VLAN Trunking (2 Labs)
STP Analysis I
STP Configuration II
IP Addressing and Configuration (2 Labs)
IP Default Routing and IP Classless
Default Routes
Standard ACL I
Extended ACL (2 Labs)
OSPF Configuration (3 Labs)
OSPF Metric Manipulation
EIGRP Serial Configuration I
EIGRP Configuration II
EIGRP Metric Manipulation I
EIGRP Variance and Maximum Paths I
Frame Relay Configuration I
Frame Relay Inverse ARP
Frame Relay Correlation
NAT Configuration (2 Labs)
IPv6 Configuration (2 Labs)
Troubleshooting Scenarios
Path Analysis (3 Labs)
Path Troubleshooting (4 Labs)
VLAN Troubleshooting I
OSPF Troubleshooting I
Routing Analysis III
Network Expansion
NAT
IP Routing II
Subnetting Exercises
VLSM Overlap (11 labs)
VLSM Route Selection (7 labs)
Wendell Odom, CCIE No. 1624, is the most respected author of Cisco networking books in the world. His past titles include books on the entry-level Cisco certifications (CCENT and CCNA), the more advanced CCNP, and the industry-renowned CCIE. His books are known for their technical depth and accuracy. Wendell has worked as a network engineer, consultant, instructor, course developer, and book author, and he has produced videos, software, and blogs related to Cisco certifications. His website with links to various study tools and resources is at www.certskills.com.
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