About the Author

Vijaya Ramachandran, senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, works on private sector development, entrepreneurship, and foreign direct investment and manages CGD's program on fragile states. Alan Gelb is the director of development in the Development Economics Vice Presidency at theWorld Bank and an expert on African economic issues. Manju Kedia Shah is an economist, working on a wide variety of issues related to the business environment and productivity in Africa.2