Table of Contents

Foreword Preface Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 1.1 Scope and purpose of this book 1.2 Importance of water and water lifting devices 1.3 Water lifting and the environment 1.4 Water lifting and development 1.5 The choice of water lifting technique 2.1 Planning for human and livestock water supplies 2.2 Water requirements for humans and livestock 3. Water lifting for small-scale irrigation 3.1 Water management 3.2 Outline of principles of small-scale irrigation 3.3 Irrigation water requirements 3.4 Net irrigation requirement 3.5 Gross irrigation requirement 3.6 Pumping requirement 4. Water sources 4.1 Choosing a water source 4.2 Draw-down and seasonal variations of water level 4.3 Water quality 4.4 Water treatment 4.5 Water storage 5. Fundamental physical principles of water lifting 5.1 Suction lift: the atmospheric limit 5.2 Definitions of energy, work, power and efficiency 5.3 System losses 5.4 Flow through channels and pipes 5.5 Efficiency of components: the importance of matching 5.6 Practical power requirements 5.7 Review of a complete pumping system 6. Review of pumps and water lifting techniques 6.1 Principles for lifting and movingwater 6.2 Classification of water lifts and pumps 6.3 Reciprocating and cyclic direct lift devices 6.4 Rotary direct lift devices 6.5 Reciprocating positive displacement pumps 6.6 Rotary positive displacement pumps 6.7 Reciprocating inertia pumps 6.8 Rotodynamic pumps 6.9 Air-lift pumps 6.10 Water-hammer or impulse devices: the hydraulic ram pump or hydram 6.11 Gravity devices 6.12 Materials for water-lifting devices 6.13 Summary review of water lifting devices 7. Power for pumping 7.1 Prime movers as part of a pumping system 7.2 Human Power 7.3 Animal power 7.4 Internal combustion engines 7.5 External combustion engines 7.6 Electrical power 7.7 Wind Power 7.8 Solar power 7.9 Water power 7.10 Biomass and coal (non-petroleum fuels) 8. The choice of pumping systems 8.1 Financial and economic considerations 8.2 Practical considerations Appendix: Conversion of Common Units of Measurement Glossary Further Information Index References

About the Author

Peter Fraenkel is a mechanical engineer with long experience of renewable energy systems and the author of many books and articles on wind, hydro, and tidal energy. He is a leading authority on water pumping technologies for developing country applications and was a founder and Director of I.T. Power from 1981 to 2000. Jeremy Thake, a mechanical design engineer, has worked for the appropriate technology organization DCS in Nepal for six years on micro-hydro systems.