Introduction
PART I. THE RELATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL FORM
Business as an Integrative Unity - Mary Parker Follett
Mechanistic and Organic Systems of Management - Tom Burns and G.M.
Stalker
Markets, Bureaucracies and Clans - William G. Ouchi
Neither Market Nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization -
Walter Powell
Organizational Social Capital and Employment Practices - Carrie
Leana and Harry Van Buren
Doing Your Job and Helping Your Friends: Universalistic Norms About
Obligations to Particular Others - Carol Heimer
Social Exchange and Micro Social Order - Edward J. Lawler, Shane R.
Thye and Jeongkoo Yoon
Part II. THE BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONAL FORM
Bureaucracy - Mary Parker Follett
Coordination - Mary Parker Follett
The Horizontal Dimension in Bureaucracy - Henry Landsberger
The Social Embeddedness of Labor Markets and Cognitive Processes -
Michael Piore
Defining the Post-Bureaucratic Type - Charles Heckscher
Two Types of Bureaucracy: Enabling and Coercive - Paul Adler and
Brian Borys
Organized Dissonance: Feminist Bureaucracy as Hybrid Form - Karen
Ashcraft
PART III. COORDINATION OF WORK
The Process of Control - Mary Parker Follett
Organizations - James March and Herbert Simon
Organization Design: An Information Processing View - Jay
Galbraith
Input Uncertainty and Organizational Coordination in Hospital
Emergency Units - Linda Argote
Collective Mind in Organizations: Heedful Interrelating on Flight
Decks - Karl Weick and Karlene Roberts
Coordination in Fast Response Organizations - Samer Faraj and Yin
Xiao
A Relational Model of How High-Performance Work Systems Work - Jody
Hoffer Gittell, Rob Seidner and Julian Wimbush
PART IV. AUTONOMY AND CONTROL
Fundamentals of Scientific Management - Frederick Winslow
Taylor
The Basis of Authority - Mary Parker Follett
Theory Y: The Integration of Individual and Organizational Goals -
Douglas McGregor
Toward an Economic Model of the Japanese Firm - Masahiko Aoki
Work Organization, Technology and Performance in Customer Service
and Sales - Rose Batt
Connective Leadership: Female Leadership Styles in the 21st Century
Workplace - Jean Lipman-Blumen
Trust and Influence in Combat: An Interdependence Model - Patrick
Sweeney, Vaida Thompson and Hart Blanton
PART V. ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
What is Culture? - Edgar A. Schein
The Organizational Culture Wars: A Struggle for Intellectual
Dominance - Joanne Martin and Peter Frost
Moral Economy and Cultural Work - Mark Banks
Representing Blue: Representative Bureaucracy and Racial Profiling
in the Latino Community - Vicky M. Wilkins and Brian N.
Williams
This Place Makes Me Proud to be a Woman’: Theoretical Explanation
for Success in Entrepreneurship Education for Low-Income Women -
Mary Godwyn
Hospitals as Cultures of Entrapment: Re-Analysis of the Bristol
Royal Infirmary - Karl E. Weick and Kathleen M. Sutcliffe
Representative Bureaucracy and Policy Tools: Ethnicity, Student
Discipline and Representation in Public Schools - Christine H.
Roch, David W. Pitts and Ignaciao Navarro
PART VI. ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT
Capital: A Critique of Political Economy - Karl Marx
Constructive Conflict - Mary Parker Follett
Organizational Conflict; Concepts and Models - Louis Pondy
Marx, Globalization and Alienation: Received and Underappreciated
Wisdoms - W. Peter Archibald
Racial Inequality in the Workplace: How Critical Management Studies
Can Inform Current Approaches - Brenda Johnson
Mythicizing and Reification in Entrepreneurial Discourse:
Ideology-Critique of Entrepreneurial Studies - John O. Ogbor
PART VII. DIVERSITY WITHIN ORGANIZATIONS
Women’s Careers in Static and Dynamic Organizations - Elin Kvande
and Bente Rasmussen
We Have to Make a MANagement Decision: Challenger and the
Dysfunctions of Corporate Masculinity - Mark Maier
Just One of the Guys: How TransMen Make Gender Visible at Work -
Kristen Schilt
The Emperor has no Clothes: Rewriting ‘Race in Organizations -
Stella Nkomo
The Colonizing Consciousness and Representations of the Other: A
Postcolonial Critique of the Discourse of Oil - Anshuman Prasad
The Disclosure Dilemma for Gay Men and Lesbians: ‘Coming Out’ at
Work - Kirstin H. Griffin and Michelle R. Hebl
Identification of Work Environments and Employers Open to Hiring
and Accommodating People with Disabilities - Dennis Gilbride,
Robert Stensrud, David Vandergoot and Kristie Golden
PART VIII. ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING AND CHANGE
Single-Loop and Double-Loop Models in Research on Organizational
Decision-Making - Chris Argyris
The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective
Rationality in Organization Fields - Paul DiMaggio and Walter
Powell
Organizational Learning - Barbara Levitt and James March
The Local and Variegated Nature of Learning in Organizations: A
Group-Level Perspective - Amy Edmondson
Practical Pushing: Creating Discursive Space in Organizational
Narratives - Joyce K. Fletcher, Lotte Bailyn and Stacy Blake
Beard
Operating Room: Relational Spaces and Micro-institutional Changes
in Surgery - Katherine Kellogg
PART IX. NEW TECHNOLOGY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND EMERGING COMMUNITIES
Constructions and Reconstructions of Self in Virtual Reality:
Playing in the MUDs - Sherry Turkle
Link, Search, Interact: The Co-Evolution of NGOs and Interactive
Technology - Jonathan Bach and David Stark
Tweeting the Night Away: Using Twitter to Enhance Social Presence -
Joanna C. Dunlap and Patrick R. Lowenthal
E-mail in Government: Not Post-Bureaucratic but Late Bureaucratic
Organizations - Albert Jacob Meijer
On-line Dating in Japan: A Test of Social Information Processing
Theory - James Farrer and Jeff Gavin
Online Organization of the LGBT Community in Singapore - Joe Phua
Mary Godwyn teaches in the History and Society Division at Babson
College. She holds a B.A. in Philosophy from Wellesley College and
a Ph.D. in Sociology from Brandeis University. She has lectured at
Harvard University and taught at Brandeis University and Lasell
College, where she was also the Director of the Donahue Institute
for Public Values. Godwyn focuses on social theory as it applies to
issues of inequality in formal and informal organizations. She
studies entrepreneurship as a vehicle for the economic and
political advancement of marginalized populations, especially women
and minorities. She has published in journals such as Symbolic
Interaction (University of California Press), Research in Social
Stratification and Mobility (Elsevier), and the Journal of Small
Business and Entrepreneurship. Her books include Minority Women
Entrepreneurs: How Outsider Status Can Lead to Better Business
Practices (2011), co-authored with Donna Stoddard, D.B.A.,
published by Greenleaf Publishing and Stanford University Press,
and Sociology of Organizations: Structures and Relationships
(2011), co-authored with Jody Hoffer Gittell, published by SAGE
Publications/Pine Forge Press.
Godwyn served on the executive committee of the Critical Management
Studies Division of the Academy of Management from 2008-2011, and
was also the 2008 winner of the Dark Side Case Competition for her
case "Hugh Connerty and Hooters: What is Successful
Entrepreneurship?" Her research has been funded by the Coleman
Foundation, the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, the Harold S.
Geneen Charitable Trust and the Babson College Board of Research
Fund. In addition to scholarship and teaching, Godwyn consults to
colleges and universities about the integration of entrepreneurship
and liberal arts programs.
Jody Hoffer Gittell teaches human resource management and
organizational theory at Brandeis University’s Heller School for
Social Policy and Management. She serves as Director of the
Relational Coordination Research Collaborative, and Acting Director
of the MIT Leadership Center.
Gittell’s research explores how coordination by front-line workers
contributes to quality and efficiency outcomes in service settings,
with a particular focus on the airline and healthcare industries.
She has developed a theory of relational coordination, proposing
that highly interdependent work is most effectively coordinated
through relationships of shared goals, shared knowledge and mutual
respect, and demonstrating how organizations can support (or
undermine) relational coordination through the design of their work
systems.
Gittell is the author of dozens of articles and chapters, and
several books that translate her findings for practitioners. Her
books include The Southwest Airlines Way: Using the Power of
Relationships to Achieve High Performance (McGraw-Hill, 2003), Up
in the Air: How the Airlines Can Improve Performance by Engaging
Their Employees (Cornell University Press, 2009), High Performance
Healthcare: Using the Power of Relationships to Achieve Quality,
Efficiency and Resilience (McGraw-Hill, 2009), and most recently
Sociology of Organizations: Structures and Relationships
(co-authored with Mary Godwyn, Ph.D.) (SAGE, 2011).
Gittell won the Outstanding Young Scholar of the Year Award in 2004
from the Labor and Employment Relations Association, a Best Book
Award for Industry Studies in 2005 from the Alfred P. Sloan
Foundation, a Best Paper Award in 2008 from the Human Resources
Division of the Academy of Management, and the Douglas McGregor
Award for Best Paper of the Year in 2008 from the Journal of
Applied Behavioral Science. Before joining the faculty at Brandeis
University, Gittell received her PhD from the MIT Sloan School of
Management and taught at the Harvard Business School.
"Sociology of Organizations: Structures and Relationships is a
timely and unique book. It is timely given the growing interest in
sociology in the field of management and organization studies --
sparked not only by the continued success of sociologically
inspired schools of thought (e.g., contingency theory and new
institutionalism) but also by the rapid growth of critical
management studies. The book is unique in the way it builds its
theoretical/historical account through a relational rather than a
formal bureaucratic approach. To me this is, quite simply, cutting
edge. The centering of Mary Parker Follett in the account is
inspired. Overall the book challenges current wisdom about the
history of management thought and its bureaucratic roots – and this
is a good thing!"
*Albert J. Mills*
"Sociology of Organizations is a far-reaching collection of
classics and contemporary studies, insightfully organized around
competing frameworks that spring to life in the capable hands of
Professors Godwyn and Gittell. More comprehensive than the usual
textbook, it not only builds on the past but also sheds light on
some of the most pressing problems facing organizations today: new
media, diversity and inclusion, and workforce engagement. This
valuable book should reach a wide audience."
*Rosabeth Moss Kanter*
"What a great collection! By adding Follett to the classics and
including contemporary organizational issues like diversity and new
technology, Godwyn and Gittell provide for students and
professionals a nuanced and compelling insight into organizational
life. In addition, their general and section introductions
wonderfully interweave a substantive and theoretical web across all
these topics. Sociology of Organizations is an important book that
transcends simplistic understandings of bureaucracy and
individualistic rational theories of action. Its emphasis on a
relational perspective highlights the role of people and their
interactions in understanding organizations. Altogether a
significant new look at key issues in modern society."
*Lotte Bailyn*
“Sociology of Organizations: Structures and Relationships
masterfully weaves together classic and current texts to bring to
life the most pressing modern day issues that organizations face,
from managing diversity within organizations to how the latest
technologies, such as social media, are reshaping the boundaries of
organizations. This extremely well thought out and unique book
includes penetrating and immensely readable syntheses throughout,
clarifying distinct theoretical lenses and creating a rich
understanding of organizations. By bringing to the fore the
relational organizational form, which traces back to Mary Parker
Follett, this book provides a compelling counterpoint to purely
bureaucratic analyses and thereby provides a way to understand the
direction of the most innovative and cutting edge contemporary
organizations. This highly engaging and original book is a must
read for anyone interested in understanding modern
organizations.”
*Ofer Sharone*
"The Sociology of Organizations by Mary Godwyn and Jody Gittell is
an absolute must read for social work educators and their students
because their highly integrated and stimulating text is built on
the writings and teachings of one of social work′s most significant
and original thinkers: Mary Parker Follett."
*Richard Boettcher, PhD, Professor Emeritus*
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