About the Author xix
Dedication xx
Acknowlegments xxi
About the Reviewers xxii
Introduction xxiii
Chapter 1 Planning, Installing, Configuring, and Upgrading vCenter Server and VMware ESXi 3
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 3
Installing and Configuring vCenter Server 6
Identifying Available vSphere and vCenter Server Editions 6
Deploying the vCenter Appliance 9
Installing vCenter Server into a Virtual Machine 14
Sizing the vCenter Server Database 17
Installing Additional vCenter Server Components 17
Installing/Removing vSphere Client Plug-Ins 18
Enabling/Disabling vSphere Client Plug-Ins 19
Licensing vCenter Server 19
Determining Availability Requirements for vCenter Server in a
Given vSphere Implementation 21
Determining Use Cases for vSphere Client and Web Client 22
Installing and Configuring VMware ESXi 22
Performing an Interactive Installation of ESXi 22
Deploying an ESXi Host Using Auto Deploy 24
Configuring NTP on an ESXi Host 26
Configuring DNS and Routing on an ESXi Host 27
Enabling/Configuring/Disabling Hyperthreading 27
Enabling/Sizing/Disabling Memory Compression Cache 28
Licensing an ESXi Host 30
Planning and Performing Upgrades of vCenter Server and VMware ESXi 31
Identifying Upgrade Requirements for ESXi Hosts 31
Identifying Steps Required to Upgrade a vSphere Implementation 32
Upgrading a vSphere Distributed Switch 33
Upgrading from VMFS3 to VMFS5 34
Upgrading VMware Tools 34
Upgrading Virtual Machine Hardware 37
Upgrading an ESXi Host using vCenter Update Manager 39
Determining Whether an In-Place Upgrade Is Appropriate in a Given Upgrade Scenario 42
Securing vCenter Server and ESXi 43
Identifying Common vCenter Server Privileges and Roles 43
System Roles 44
Sample Roles 44
Custom Roles 45
Describing How Permissions are Applied and Inherited in vCenter Server 45
Example 1: Permissions That Apply Directly to an Object Supersede Those That Are Inherited 46
Example 2: If a User Is a Member of More Multiple Groups, the User Is Assigned the Union of the Privileges for Each Group 46
Example 3: User/Role Pairings Applied Directly to an Object Supersede User/ Role Pairings That Are Inherited 47
Example 4: Permissions That Are Applied Directly to a User Supersede Permissions That Are Inherited Through Group Membership 48
Configuring and Administering the ESXi Firewall 49
Enabling Lockdown Mode 50
Configuring Network Security Policies 51
Promiscuous Mode 52
MAC Address Changes 53
Forged Transmits 53
Viewing/Sorting/Exporting User and Group Lists 54
Adding/Modifying/Removing Permissions for Users and Groups on vCenter Inventory Objects 54
Creating/Cloning/Editing vCenter Server Roles 55
Creating Roles 55
Cloning Roles 56
Editing Roles 59
Adding an ESXi Host to a Directory Service 60
Applying Permissions to ESXi Hosts Using Host Profiles 62
Determining the Appropriate Set of Privileges for Common Tasks in vCenter Server 62
Identifying vSphere Architecture and Solutions 62
Identifying Available vSphere Editions and Features 63
Explaining ESXi and vCenter Server Architectures 63
Explaining Private/Public/Hybrid Cloud Concepts 64
Determining the Appropriate vSphere Edition Based on Customer Requirements 66
Summary 67
Chapter 2 Planning and Configuring vSphere Networking 73
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 73
Configuring vSphere Standard Switches 76
Identifying vSphere Standard Switch (vSS) Capabilities 76
Creating / Deleting a vSphere Standard Switch 77
Deleting a vSphere Standard Switch 81
Adding / Configuring / Removing vmnics on a vSphere Standard Switch 82
Configuring VMkernel Ports for Network Services 88
Adding / Editing / Removing Port Groups on a vSphere Standard Switch 90
Determining Use Cases for a vSphere Standard Switch 94
Configuring vSphere Distributed Switches 94
Identifying vSphere Distributed Switch Capabilities 95
Creating/Deleting a vSphere Distributed Switch 97
Deleting a vDS 100
Adding/Removing ESXi Hosts from a vSphere Distributed Switch 100
Adding/Configuring/Removing dvPort Groups 104
Adding/Removing Uplink Adapters to dvUplink Groups 108
Creating/Configuring/Removing Virtual Adapters 111
Migrating Virtual Adapters to/from a vSphere Standard Switch 117
Migrating Virtual Machines to/from a vSphere Distributed Switch 119
Determining Use Cases for a vSphere Distributed Switch 123
Configuring vSS and vDS Policies 124
Identifying Common vSS and vDS policies 124
Configuring dvPort Group Blocking Policies 132
Configuring Load Balancing and Failover Policies 133
Load Balancing 134
Network Failover Detection 134
Notify Switches 135
Failback 135
Configuring VLAN Settings 137
Configuring VLAN Policy Settings on a VDS 139
Configuring VLAN Trunking Policies on a VDS 140
Configuring Private VLAN Policy Settings on a vDS 140
Configuring Traffic Shaping Policies 142
Traffic Shaping Policies for vSphere Standard Switches 143
Traffic Shaping Policies for vSphere Distributed Switches 144
Enabling TCP Segmentation Offload support for a Virtual Machine 145
Enabling Jumbo Frames Support on Appropriate Components 147
Enabling Jumbo Frames for VMkernel Interface on a vSS 147
Enabling Jumbo Frames on a vDS 148
Enabling Jumbo Frame Support on Virtual Machines 149
Determining Appropriate VLAN Configuration for a vSphere Implementation 149
Summary 151
Chapter 3 Planning and Configuring vSphere Storage 159
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 159
Configuring Shared Storage for vSphere 162
Identifying Storage Adapters and Devices 162
Fibre Channel 163
FCOE 163
iSCSI 164
NAS 164
Identifying Storage Naming Conventions 164
Storage Naming Conventions for Local and SAN 165
Identifying Hardware/Dependent Hardware/Software iSCSI Initiator Requirements 166
Comparing and Contrasting Array Thin Provisioning and Virtual Disk Thin Provisioning 168
Array Thin Provisioning 168
Virtual Disk Thin Provisioning 169
Describing Zoning and LUN Masking Practices 170
Zoning 171
Masking 172
Scanning/Rescanning Storage 172
Identifying Use Cases for FCOE 173
Creating an NFS Share for Use with vSphere 174
Connecting to a NAS Device 175
Enabling/Configuring/Disabling vCenter Server Storage Filters 177
Configuring/Editing Hardware/Dependent Hardware Adapters 179
Enabling/Disabling Software iSCSI Initiator Settings 180
Configuring iSCSI Port Binding 181
Enabling/Configuring/Disabling iSCSI CHAP 183
Determining Use Cases for Hardware/Dependent Hardware/Software iSCSI Initiator 185
Determining Use Cases for and Configuring Array Thin Provisioning 186
Configuring the Storage Virtual Appliance for vSphere 186
Defining the VSA Architecture 187
Configuring ESXi Hosts as VSA Hosts 188
Configuring the Storage Network for the VSA 189
Deploying/Configuring the VSA Manager 189
Administering VSA Storage Resources 190
Administering VSA Clusters 191
Administering VSA Datastores 191
Administering VSA Cluster Membership 191
Determining Use Case for Deploying the VSA 192
Determining Appropriate ESXi Host Resources for the VSA 192
Creating and Configuring VMFS and NFS Datastores 193
Identifying VMFS and NFS Datastore Properties 193
Identifying VMFS-5 Capabilities 195
Creating/Renaming/Deleting/Unmounting a VMFS Datastore 195
Mounting/Unmounting an NFS Datastore 205
Extending/Expanding VMFS Datastores 209
Extending VMFS Datastores 209
Expanding VMFS Datastores 213
Upgrading a VMFS-3 Datastore to VMFS-5 218
Placing a VMFS Datastore in Maintenance Mode 220
Selecting the Preferred Path for a VMFS Datastore 221
Disabling a Path to a VMFS Datastore 223
Determining Use Cases for Multiple VMFS and NFS Datastores 224
Determining Appropriate Path Selection Policy for a VMFS Datastore 224
Summary 225
Chapter 4 Deploying and Administering Virtual Machine and vApps 235
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 235
Creating and Deploying Virtual Machines 238
Identifying Capabilities for Virtual Machine Hardware Versions 238
Identifying VMware Tools Device Drivers 240
Identifying Methods to Access and Use Virtual Machine Console 240
Identifying Virtual Machine Storage Resources 242
Placing Virtual Machines in Selected ESXi Hosts/Clusters/Resource Pools 243
Configuring and Deploying a Guest OS Into a New Virtual Machine 243
Creating/Converting Thin/Thick Provisioned Virtual Disks 245
Configuring Disk Shares 246
Installing/Upgrading/Updating VMware Tools 249
Configuring Virtual Machine Time Synchronization 251
Converting a Physical Machine Using VMware Converter 252
Importing a Supported Virtual Machine Source Using Vmware Converter 255
Modifying Virtual Hardware Settings Using VMware Standalone Converter 256
Configuring/Modifying Virtual CPU and Memory Resources According to OS and Application Requirements 256
Configuring and Modifying Virtual Machine CPU 257
Configuring and Modifying Virtual Machine Memory 258
Configuring/Modifying Virtual NIC Adapter and Connecting Virtual Machines to Appropriate Network Resources 260
Determining Appropriate Datastore Locations for Virtual Machines Based on Application Workloads 261
Creating and Deploying vApps 262
Identifying vApp Settings 262
Options 262
Start Order 266
vServices 267
Creating/Cloning/Exporting a vApp 267
Adding Objects to an Existing vApp 274
Editing vApp Settings 274
Configuring IP Pools 274
Suspending/Resuming a vApp 276
Determining When a Tiered Application Should Be Deployed as a vApp 276
Managing Virtual Machine Clones and Templates 277
Identifying the vCenter Server, Managed ESXi Hosts, and Virtual Machine Maximums 278
Identifying Cloning and Template Options 280
Cloning an Existing Virtual Machine 281
Creating a Template from an Existing Virtual Machine 282
Deploying a Virtual Machine from a Template 285
Updating Existing Virtual Machine Templates 287
Deploying Virtual Appliances and/or vApps from an OVF Template 290
Importing and /or Exporting an OVF Template 293
Determining the Appropriate Development Methodology for a Given Virtual Machine Application 295
Administering Virtual Machines and vApps 295
Identifying Files Used by Virtual Machines 295
Identifying Locations for Virtual Machine Configuration Files and Virtual Disks 297
Identifying Common Practices for Securing Virtual Machines 300
Hot Extending a Virtual Disk 301
Configuring Virtual Machine Options 303
General Options 304
vApp Options 304
VMware Tools 305
Power Management 306
Advanced 306
Configuring Virtual Machine Power Settings 307
Configuring Virtual Machine Boot Options 308
Configuring Virtual Machine Troubleshooting Options 309
Assigning a Storage Policy to a VM 310
Verifying Storage Policy Compliance for Virtual Machines 312
Determining When an Advanced Virtual Machine Parameter is Required 312
Adjusting Virtual Machine Resources (shares, limits and reservations) Based on Virtual Machine Workloads 313
Summary 313
Chapter 5 Establishing and Maintaining Service Levels 323
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 323
Creating and Configuring VMware Clusters 326
Describing DRS Virtual Machine Entitlement 326
Creating/Deleting a DRS/HA Cluster 327
Adding/Removing ESXi Hosts from a DRS/HA Cluster 328
Adding or Removing Virtual Machines from a DRS/HA Cluster 334
Configuring Storage DRS 335
Configuring Enhanced vMotion Compatibility 340
Monitoring a DRS/HA Cluster 342
Configuring Migration Thresholds for DRS and Virtual Machines 342
Configuring Automation Levels for DRS and Virtual Machines 344
Creating VM-Host and VM-VM Affinity Rules 346
Enabling/Disabling Host Monitoring 350
Enabling/Configuring/Disabling Virtual Machine and Application Monitoring 351
Enabling/Configuring/Disabling Virtual Machine Monitoring 351
Enabling/Configuring/Disabling Application Monitoring 352
Configuring Admission Control for HA and Virtual Machines 353
Admission Control 354
Admission Control Policy 354
Determining Appropriate Failover Methodology and Required Resources for an HA Implementation 357
Host Failures the Cluster Tolerates 357
Percentage of Cluster Resources as Failover Spare Capacity 358
Specify Failover Hosts 358
Planning and Implementing VMware Fault Tolerance 358
Identifying VMware Fault Tolerance Requirements 359
Configuring VMware Fault Tolerance Networking 360
Enabling/Disabling VMware Fault Tolerance on a Virtual Machine 361
Testing an FT Configuration 362
Determining Use Case for Enabling VMware Fault Tolerance on a Virtual Machine 362
Creating and Administering Resource Pools 363
Describing the Resource Pool Hierarchy 363
Defining the Expandable Reservation Parameter 364
Creating/Removing a Resource Pool 365
Configuring Resource Pool Attributes 367
Adding/Removing Virtual Machines from a Resource Pool 368
Determining Resource Pool Requirements for a Given vSphere Implementation 368
Evaluating Appropriate Shares, Reservations, and Limits for Resource Pool Based on Virtual Machine Workloads 368
Cloning a vApp 369
Migrating Virtual Machines 373
Identifying ESXi Host and Virtual Machine Requirements for vMotion and Storage vMotion 373
ESXi and VM Requirements for vMotion 373
ESXi and VM Requirements for Storage vMotion 375
Identifying Enhanced vMotion Compatibility CPU Requirements 376
Identifying Snapshot Requirements for vMotion/Storage vMotion Migration 377
Migrating Virtual Machines Using vMotion/Storage vMotion 378
Migrating a VM Using vMotion 378
Migrating a VM’s Files Using Storage vMotion 382
Configuring Virtual Machine Swap File Location 384
Migrating a Powered-Off or Suspended Virtual Machine 386
Utilizing Storage vMotion Techniques 387
Backing Up and Restoring Virtual Machines 388
Identifying Snapshot Requirements 389
Creating/Deleting/Consolidating Virtual Machine Snapshots 389
Installing and Configuring VMware Data Recovery 395
Creating a Backup Job with VMware Data Recovery 396
Performing a Test and Live Full/File-Level Restore with Vmware Data Recovery 397
Determining Appropriate Backup Solution for a Given vSphere Implementation 397
Patching and Updating ESXi and Virtual Machines 398
Identifying Patching Requirements for ESXi Hosts and Virtual Machine Hardware/Tools 398
Creating/Editing/Removing a Host Profile from an ESXi Host 398
Attach/Apply a Host Profile to an ESXi Host or Cluster 402
Performing Compliance Scanning and Remediation of an ESXi Host Using Host Profiles 405
Installing and Configuring vCenter Update Manager 406
Configuring Patch Download Options 411
Creating/Editing/Deleting an Update Manager Baseline 412
Attaching an Update Manager Baseline to an ESXi Host or Cluster 415
Scanning and Remediating ESXi Hosts and Virtual Machine Hardware/Tools Using Update Manager 416
Summary 417
Chapter 6 Performing Basic Troubleshooting 423
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 423
Performing Basic Troubleshooting for ESXi Hosts 426
Identifying General ESXi Host Troubleshooting Guidelines 426
Learn How to Access Support Mode 426
Know How to Retrieve Logs 429
Troubleshooting Common Installation Issues 431
Troubleshooting Boot Order 432
Troubleshooting License Assignment 432
Troubleshooting Plug-Ins 433
Monitoring ESXi System Health 433
Exporting Diagnostic Information 435
Performing Basic vSphere Network Troubleshooting 439
Verifying Network Configuration 440
Verifying a Given Virtual Machine Is Configured with the Correct Network Resources 441
Troubleshooting Virtual Switch and Port Group Configuration Issues 442
Troubleshooting Physical Network Adapter Configuration Issues 443
Identifying the Root Cause of a Network Issue Based on Troubleshooting Information 444
Performing Basic vSphere Storage Troubleshooting 445
Verifying Storage Configuration 445
Troubleshooting Storage Contention Issues 448
Troubleshooting Storage Over-Commitment Issues 450
Excessive Reservations Cause Slow Host Performance 450
Path Thrashing Causes Slow Performance 450
Troubleshooting iSCSI Software Initiator Configuration Issues 451
Troubleshooting Storage Reports and Storage Maps 451
Storage Reports 451
Storage Maps 453
Identifying the Root Cause of a Storage Issue Based on Troubleshooting Information 454
Performing Basic Troubleshooting for HA/DRS Clusters and vMotion/Storage vMotion 455
Identifying HA/DRS and vMotion Requirements 455
Verifying vMotion/Storage vMotion Configuration 456
Verifying vMotion Configuration 456
Verifying HA Network Configuration 457
Verifying HA/DRS Cluster Configuration 458
Troubleshooting HA Capacity Issues 459
Troubleshooting HA Redundancy Issues 459
Interpreting the DRS Resource Distributing Graph and Target/Current Host Load Deviation 460
Troubleshooting DRS Load Imbalance Issues 462
Troubleshooting vMotion/Storage vMotion Migration Issues 462
Interpreting vMotion Resource Maps 463
Identifying the Root Cause for a DRS/HA Cluster or Migration Issue Based on Troubleshooting Information 463
Summary 465
Chapter 7 Monitoring vSphere Implementation and Managing vCenter Alarms 471
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 471
Monitoring ESXi, vCenter Server, and Virtual Machines 474
Describing How Tasks and Events are Viewed in vCenter Server 474
Viewing by Object Selected in Console Pane 475
Showing Only Object Entries 476
Filtering by Keyword 477
Identifying Critical Performance Metrics 477
Explaining Common Memory Metrics 478
Explaining Common CPU Metrics 484
Explaining Common Network Metrics 484
Explaining Common Storage Metrics 485
Comparing and Contrasting Overview and Advanced Charts 485
Configuring SNMP for vCenter Server 487
Configuring Active Directory and SMTP Settings for vCenter Server 488
Configuring Active Directory Settings for vCenter 488
Configuring SMTP Settings for a vCenter Server 489
Configuring vCenter Server Logging Options 491
Creating a Log Bundle 492
Creating/Editing/Deleting a Scheduled Task 495
Configuring/Viewing/Printing/Exporting Resource Maps 500
Starting/Stopping/Verifying vCenter Service Status 503
Starting/Stopping/Verifying ESXi Host Agent Status 505
Configuring vCenter Server Timeout Settings 506
Monitoring/Administering vCenter Server Connections 507
Creating an Advanced Chart 508
Determining Host Performance Using Resxtop and Guest Perfmon 510
Determining Host Performance Using Resxtop 510
Determining Host Performance Using Guest Perfmon 514
Given Performance Data, Identifying the Affected vSphere Resource 514
Creating and Administering vCenter Server Alarms 515
Listing vCenter Default Utilization Alarms 516
Listing vCenter Default Connectivity Alarms 516
Listing Possible Actions for Utilization and Connectivity Alarms 517
Creating a vCenter Utilization Alarm 518
Creating a vCenter Connectivity Alarm 521
Configuring Alarm Triggers 524
Configuring Alarm Actions 525
For a Given Alarm, Identifying the Affected Resource in a vSphere Implementation 525
Summary 526
Chapter 8 What Do I Do Now? 533
Scheduling the Test 533
Comparing Your Knowledge to the VCP510 Exam Blueprint Objectives 534
Studying the Questions at the End of Each Chapter and on the Bonus Material 535
Taking the Mock Exam on the VMware Website 536
The Day of the Test 536
Sending Me an Email When You Pass 537
Appendix A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes and Chapter Review Questions 539
TOC, 9780789749314, 7/12/2012
Bill Ferguson, VCI (3,4,5), VCP (3,4,5), CCSI, and MCT has been in the computer industry for more than 20 years. Originally in technical sales and IT consulting with Sprint, he made his transition to Certified Technical Trainer in 1997 with ExecuTrain. He now runs his own company, Parallel Connections, as an independent contractor and consultant based in Birmingham, Alabama, working worldwide for most of the national training companies and some regional training companies. In addition, he has written and produced many technical training videos and books. Bill’s aspiration is as follows: “My job is to understand the material so well that I can make it easier for others to learn than it was for me to learn. Toward that end, I strive to provide an effective learning environment whether in person, in print, or online.”
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