Table of Contents

History of cryosurgery.- The process of freezing and the mechanism of damage during cryosurgery.- Freezing of cells in suspension.- Freezing of tissue.- An analytical study of the process of freezing in the lung.- Future research.- References.- The cryogens.- CFC's.- Carbon dioxide.- Liquid nitrogen and nitrous oxide.- Nitrous oxide.- References.- Monitoring techniques.- Thermal methods.- Volumetric methods.- Electrical methods.- References.- History of tracheo-bronchial cryotherapy.- Experimental studies.- Endobronchial cryosurgery in man.- Synthesis.- Progress.- References.- Tracheo-bronchial endoscopic cryotherapy.- Material.- - Endoscope equipment.- - Endoscopic cryoprobes.- - Cryogens.- - Monitoring techniques.- - Conclusions.- Method.- - Preparation of the patient.- - Anaesthesia.- - Endoscopy.- - Cryotherapy.- - Post-operative care.- - Conclusion.- References.- Tracheo-bronchial cryotherapy - Indications and results.- Indications.- - Symptom control indications.- - Indications according to the nature of the lesion.- - Indications according to the site.- - Indications according to the type of lesion.- Results.- - Symptomatic and functional results.- - Radiological results.- - Endoscopic results.- References.- Histopathology.- Experimental findings using the cryomicroscope.- Cryotherapy and bronchus.- References.- Technical failures or short-comings of the equipment.- Contraindications.- Complications.- Technical failures or weaknesses in the equipment.- References.- Other endoscopic interventions.- Forceps.- Endobronchial electrocautery.- Laser.- Brachytherapy.- Conclusion.- References.- Cryotherapy and other treatments.- Cryotherapy and forceps.- Cryotherapy and laser.- Cryotherapy and chemotherapy.- References.- Cryotherapy - Radiotherapy.- Personal experimental studies.- Material and method.- Results.- Discussion.- Association of cryotherapy and high dose rate endobrachytherapy.- References.- Cryotherapy of carcinoma in situ and microinvasive carcinomas.- Histopathology.- Clinical observations.- Therapy.- - Surgery.- - Local treatment.- - Cryotherapy.- Medium term results.- Discussion.- Conclusion.- References.- Pleural and lung cryobiopsies during thoracoscopy.- Material.- - Thoracoscopy.- - Cryo unit.- Method.- Results.- Histopathological findings.- Discussion.- Conclusion.- References.- Cryoanalgesia for control of post thoracotomy pain.- Cryo-effect.- Technique of freezing and positioning of chest tube.- Indications for cryoanalgesia.- Effectiveness of physiotherapy after cryoanalgesia.- Results and comment.- References.- Pulmonary cryosurgery.- Cryosurgical procedure.- Results.- Conclusion.